PRE-CONCEPTION PREGANNCY AND LACTATION

Question 1

What are some factors women should follow for conception?

Answer 1

Take folic acid supplements, stop smoking, maintain a normal body mass, follow food safety reccomendations.

Question 2

What are some factors that men should follow before conception?

Answer 2

Avoid excessive alcohol, stop smoking, maintain a normal body mass, healthy varied diet, eat selenium (healthy sperm), eat zinc eg red meat and poultry.

Question 3

The effects of energy requirements on pregnant women?

Answer 3

1. Formation of new tissues (foetus) and maternal tissues (uterus).
2. Increased oxygen consuption by maternal organs, blood flow.
3. Underweight women or those who don’t reduce activity level require more.(200kcals).
4. low weight gain - low birth weight - mortality/morbidity.
5. high weight gain - prolonged labour - increased risk of obesity.

Question 4

The effects of protein requiremnets on preganant women?

Answer 4

1. Metabolic adaptions ensure protein is made availble.
2. Growth of maternal tissue.
3. Development of the foetus.

Question 5

Sources if protein?

Answer 5

Lean red meat, eggs, beans and pulses and nuts and seeds.

Question 6

Explain why you should avoid protein supplements during pregnancy?

Answer 6

you should avoid supplements during pregnancy as it can reduce the babys birth weught and lead to health issues developing ater in life.

Question 7

The effect of folic acid and folate on the pregnant women?

Answer 7

1. Maitenece of normal blood pressure

2. Prevents neural tube defects and issues with the nervois system.

Question 8

What are the effects of being low in folic acid?

Answer 8

1. Neural tube defects.
2. Pemature birth.
3. Low birth weight.
4. Miscarriage.
5. Tiredness.

Question 9

Sources of folic acid?

Answer 9

Oranges, green vegetables and fortified breakfast cereals.

Question 10

The effects of calcium on the pregnant women?

Answer 10

1. Utilization of maternal stores (makes up for extra calcium).
2. Esures increased foetal accumulation and development.
3. Maintains mothers skeleton.
4. Healthy bone formation.

Question 11

Inhibiting factors of calcium?

Answer 11

Phytates, oxalates and tannins.

Question 12

What trimester should you have an increase in calcium?

Answer 12

In the third trimester you should have an increased intake of calcium.

Question 13

The effects of vitamin D on the pregnant woman?

Answer 13

1. Increases calcium absorption

2. Woman build up a store which supplies the baby fro the first few months after birth.

Question 14

Should women who are breastfeeding give baby’s supplements?

Answer 14

Breastfed baby’s should be given supplements as the mother is not providing and adequate source of vitamin D especially in the winter as the mother cant synthesize as much.