MINERALS Flashcards
What are the functions of magnesium?
Activation of many enzymes, parathyroid hormone secretion, muscle and nerve function.
What are valuable sources of magnesium?
green leafy vegetables, nuts, bread, fish, meat, dairy products.
What are the deficiency symptoms of magnesium?
muscle weakness, neuromuscular dysfunction, hypomagnesaemia, reduced blood pressure.
What are the effects of excess magnesium?
diarrhoea, raised blood levels.
What are the functions of phosphorus?
formation of bone component, healthy bone and teeth structure, cell membrane structure, energy metabolism.
What are valuable sources of phosphorus?
red meat, dairy, fish, poultry, bread, rice.
What are the deficiency symptoms of phosphorus?
weakness, demineralization of bones.
What are effects of excess phosphorus?
lowers calcium levels in the blood.
What are the functions of potassium?
water and electrolyte balance, cellular function, promotes loss of sodium, protects cardiovascular health.
What are valuable sources of ptoassium?
bananas, vegetables, meat, fish, nuts, milk.
What are some symptoms of deficiency of potassium?
weakness, mental confusion, irregular heart, heart failure.
What are the factors affecting absorption and bioavailability of potassium?
tobacco, sugar and coffee.
What are the functions of sodium?
regulates water and electrolyte balance, controls blood sodium levels, absorption of nutrients, muscle and nerve function.
What are valuable sources of sodium?
curred meat cheese and soup.
What are the reasons for deficiency of sodium?
excessive sweating, diarrhoea, Addison’s disease, renal failure, drugs.
What are the effects of excess sodium?
high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, odema and stomach cancer.
What are the functions of fluorine?
mineralization of bones and teeth, protects from dental carries.
What are the valuable sources of flourine?
flourated drinking water, tea and fish.
What are the symptoms of fluorine?
erodes the enamel of the teeth.
What are the effects of excess flourine?
flourosis - mottling and crumbling of teeth, skeletol changes calification of ligaments.
What are the functions of iodine?
component of the thyroid hormone, vital regulators of metabolic rate, brain development.
What are valuable sources of iodine?
vegetables, sea food, salt and breads are sometimes fortified.
What are the symptoms of deficiency in iodine?
lethargy, swelling of the thyroid gland forming goitre.
What are the functions of selenium?
component of antioxidant enzymes, immunity, improves fertillity.
What are valuable sources of selenium?
brazil nuts, bread, fish, meat and eggs.
What are the deficiency disease of selenium?
keshan disease - heart condition.
What is are the effects of excess selenium?
selenosis - brittle nails, hair, skin legions and garlic breath.
What are the functions of zinc?
major cofactor for numerous enzymes, major metabolic pathways, cell division, immune system.
What are valuable sources of zinc?
milk, cheese, eggs, shellfish, wholegrain cereals, nuts, pulses.
What are symptoms of zinc deficiency?
delayed puberty, small stature.
What are the effects of excess zinc?
interferres with copper metabolism.
What are the functions of iron?
formation of haemoglobin, essential in enzyme reactions, role in immunity, normal energy metabolism.
What are valuable sources of iron?
Haem - animal
Non haem - plant
What are the deficiency symptoms of iron?
anaemia, fatigue, dizzyness, pale, lethargic.
What factors can hinder the absorption of iron?
phytates, tannis
