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FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCE A1 > MINERALS > Flashcards

MINERALS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

Activation of many enzymes, parathyroid hormone secretion, muscle and nerve function.

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2
Q

What are valuable sources of magnesium?

A

green leafy vegetables, nuts, bread, fish, meat, dairy products.

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3
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of magnesium?

A

muscle weakness, neuromuscular dysfunction, hypomagnesaemia, reduced blood pressure.

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4
Q

What are the effects of excess magnesium?

A

diarrhoea, raised blood levels.

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5
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

formation of bone component, healthy bone and teeth structure, cell membrane structure, energy metabolism.

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6
Q

What are valuable sources of phosphorus?

A

red meat, dairy, fish, poultry, bread, rice.

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7
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of phosphorus?

A

weakness, demineralization of bones.

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8
Q

What are effects of excess phosphorus?

A

lowers calcium levels in the blood.

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9
Q

What are the functions of potassium?

A

water and electrolyte balance, cellular function, promotes loss of sodium, protects cardiovascular health.

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10
Q

What are valuable sources of ptoassium?

A

bananas, vegetables, meat, fish, nuts, milk.

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11
Q

What are some symptoms of deficiency of potassium?

A

weakness, mental confusion, irregular heart, heart failure.

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12
Q

What are the factors affecting absorption and bioavailability of potassium?

A

tobacco, sugar and coffee.

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13
Q

What are the functions of sodium?

A

regulates water and electrolyte balance, controls blood sodium levels, absorption of nutrients, muscle and nerve function.

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14
Q

What are valuable sources of sodium?

A

curred meat cheese and soup.

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15
Q

What are the reasons for deficiency of sodium?

A

excessive sweating, diarrhoea, Addison’s disease, renal failure, drugs.

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16
Q

What are the effects of excess sodium?

A

high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, odema and stomach cancer.

17
Q

What are the functions of fluorine?

A

mineralization of bones and teeth, protects from dental carries.

18
Q

What are the valuable sources of flourine?

A

flourated drinking water, tea and fish.

19
Q

What are the symptoms of fluorine?

A

erodes the enamel of the teeth.

20
Q

What are the effects of excess flourine?

A

flourosis - mottling and crumbling of teeth, skeletol changes calification of ligaments.

21
Q

What are the functions of iodine?

A

component of the thyroid hormone, vital regulators of metabolic rate, brain development.

22
Q

What are valuable sources of iodine?

A

vegetables, sea food, salt and breads are sometimes fortified.

23
Q

What are the symptoms of deficiency in iodine?

A

lethargy, swelling of the thyroid gland forming goitre.

24
Q

What are the functions of selenium?

A

component of antioxidant enzymes, immunity, improves fertillity.

25
Q

What are valuable sources of selenium?

A

brazil nuts, bread, fish, meat and eggs.

26
Q

What are the deficiency disease of selenium?

A

keshan disease - heart condition.

27
Q

What is are the effects of excess selenium?

A

selenosis - brittle nails, hair, skin legions and garlic breath.

28
Q

What are the functions of zinc?

A

major cofactor for numerous enzymes, major metabolic pathways, cell division, immune system.

29
Q

What are valuable sources of zinc?

A

milk, cheese, eggs, shellfish, wholegrain cereals, nuts, pulses.

30
Q

What are symptoms of zinc deficiency?

A

delayed puberty, small stature.

31
Q

What are the effects of excess zinc?

A

interferres with copper metabolism.

32
Q

What are the functions of iron?

A

formation of haemoglobin, essential in enzyme reactions, role in immunity, normal energy metabolism.

33
Q

What are valuable sources of iron?

A

Haem - animal

Non haem - plant

34
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of iron?

A

anaemia, fatigue, dizzyness, pale, lethargic.

35
Q

What factors can hinder the absorption of iron?

A

phytates, tannis

FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCE A1 (9 decks)

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