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Clinical Micro 2 Spring 2023 > Practicum B Exam Micro > Flashcards

Practicum B Exam Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobacteriaceae members can be indigenous microflora and can be….

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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2
Q

Salmonella and shigella are not indigenous microflora and are always…

A

pathogenic

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3
Q

Enterobacteriaceae are associated with what kind of human diseases….

A

Abscesses
GI Tract infections
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Septicemia
UTIs
Wound infections

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae are the most common causes of ….

A

nosocomial infections

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5
Q

Extra intestinal infections by enterobacteriaceae family can be…

A

UTIs, respiratory infections, wound infections, bloodstream infections, and CNS infections

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6
Q

What enterbacteriaceae cause the most GI tract infections?

A
  1. Escherichia
  2. Salmonella
  3. Shigella
  4. Yersinia
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7
Q

List phenotypic characteristics of enterobacteriaceae

A
  1. Gram negative bacilli or cococcobacilli
  2. Facultative anaerobes
  3. Nonspore forming
  4. Glucose fermenters
  5. Catalase positive - except shigella dysenteriae
  6. Oxidase negative except plesiomonas shigelloides
  7. Reduce nitrate to nitrite
  8. Growth on MacConkey agar
  9. Most motile by peritrchous flagella
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8
Q

What are the non motile members of enterobacteriaceae?

A

Klebsiella and shigella

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9
Q

List lactose fermenter of enterobacteriaceae

A

E. coli
Klebsiella
Pantoea
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia

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10
Q

List non lactose fermenter of enterobacteriaceae

A

Salmonella
shigella
Proteus
Morganella morganii
Providencia
Yersinia

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11
Q

List nonmotile and non H2S producers of enterobacteriaceae that are nonlactose fermenter

A

Shigella and yersinia

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12
Q

List motile and H2S producer of enterobacteriaceae that are non lactose fermenter

A

Proteus and Salmonella

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13
Q

What are the antigens of enterobacteriaceae?

A

O - Outer membrane
H - Flagella
K - Capsule
Vi - Capsule of Salmonella

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14
Q

List organisms of enterobacteriaceae that would produce (TSI Test) A / A with gas no H2S.

A

Escherichia, klebsiella, and enterobacter

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15
Q

List organisms of enterobacteriacea that would produce (TSI test) K / A, no gas, and no H2S

A

Shigella and Serratia

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16
Q

List organisms of enterbacteriaceae that would produce (TSI test) K / A, with gas and H2S.

A

Salmonella and Proteus

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17
Q

What organism from enterobacteriaceae would produce (TSI test) K / K, no gas and no H2S?

A

Pseudomonas

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18
Q

What sugars are in KIA medium?

A

1 part glucose and 10 part lactose

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19
Q

What kind of decarboxylase enzymes are tested in the decarboxylase test?

A

Lysine, ornithine, and arginine

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20
Q

What indicators are used in the decarboxylase test?

A

bromocresol purple and cresol red that can result in color change from orange to purple or red.

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21
Q

The decarboxylase test is not only useful for the enterobacteriaceae family but for differentiating which two members of the enterobacteriaceae?

A

Salmonella ( +vVE) and shigella (=VE)

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22
Q

What is produced by decarboxylation of amino acids?

A

Urea. If there is decarboxylation of amino acids the urease test will be positive (pink color). The process alkalinizes the medium leading to a pink color

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23
Q

What is the principle of the indole test?

A

To determine if the organism possesses tryptophanase that will deaminate tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid, ammonia, and energy. A positive result will be a red color. A negative result will be no red color.

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24
Q

What is the reagent of the indole test?

A

Kovac’s reagent.

25
Q

The MR of IMViC test uses what reagent and what does a positive test look like?

A

MR reagent; A positive test is a red color. A negative result is a yellow color.

26
Q

What reagents are used in the VP test of IMViC?

A

KOH and naphthol. A positive result will be a red color. A negative result will be a yellow color.

27
Q

What does the citrate determine about the bacteria?

A

Determines if the organism has the ability to use sodium citrate as its sole carbon source and inorganic ammonium salts as its only nitrogen source.

A positive result will be a color change from green to blue. A negative result will be no growth and a green medium color.

28
Q

What is the IMViC for E. coli?

A

+ / + / = / =

29
Q

What is the IMViC for E. aerogenes?

A

= / = / + / +

30
Q

What is the IMViC for E. cloacae?

A

= / = / + / +

31
Q

What is the IMViC for K. pneumoniae?

A

= / = / + / +

32
Q

What is the MUG test?

A

Fluorogenic assay to detect the presence of the enzyme beta glucuronidase. A disk containing 4-methylumbelliferyl-𝝱-D-glucuronide (MUG) is dampened with water, the organism is applied, and the disk is incubated at 35℃ for up to 2 hours.
A positive result will fluoresce meaning the presence of 4-methyllumbelliferyl.

33
Q

What is the biochemical rxn of E. coli?

A

Gram negative
Catalase positive
Oxidase negative
Nitrate reduction positive
Indole Positive
MR positive
VP negative
Citrate negative

34
Q

The virulence factor Lipid + polysaccharide gives E. coli an advantage how?

A

Makes phagocytosis difficult for WBCs

35
Q

Lipid A virulence factor of E. coli givens an advantage how?

A

Its an endotoxin component that causes fever and shock

36
Q

What is the K - antigen for E. coli?

A

Capsule

37
Q

What is the O - antigen for E. coli?

A

Component of LPS in outer membrane

38
Q

What is the H - antigen for E. coli?

A

Flagella

39
Q

E. coli virulence factor adhesins is advantageous b/c…?

A

It allows the bacteria to bind to cell lining of bladder

40
Q

E coli virulence factor hemolysin or HlyA is advantageous b/c?

A

It lyses erythrocytes

41
Q

What antigen is present in neonatal meningitis (mother too) when E. coli is causing it?

A

K 1 capsular antigen

42
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is associated with what disease?

A

Classic infant diarrhea

43
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is associated with what disease?

A

Traveler’s diarrhea

44
Q

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) is associated with what disease?

A

Watery diarrhea, mainly in infants

45
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is associated with what disease?

A

Hemorrhagic colitis (large intestine)

46
Q

Enterinvasive E. coli (EIEC) is associated with what disease?

A

Dysentery (verocytotoxins present)

47
Q

What kind of plate can be used to isolate O157 shiga toxin producing E. coli STEC strains?

A

SMAC plates also known as sorbitol containing MAC

48
Q

Describe Klebsiella biochemical rxn + gram stain characteristic

A

Gram Negative, encapsulated, and non-motile.
Lactose fermenters
Indole Negative
MR Negative
VP Positive
Citrate positive
Oxidase negative
Nitrate positive

49
Q

Klebsiella colonizes which part of the human body?

A

Nasopharynx and GI tract

50
Q

Klebsiella are associated with what kind of infection?

A

Nosocomial infections such as…
UTI
Blood stream
Lower respiratory tract
Cardiovascular infection
Wound infection
Ear infection
Nose infection
Throat infection

51
Q

K. oxytoca can be isolated where in the human body?

A

Blood, urine, respiratory tract, and stool

52
Q

What two bacterias cause chronic granulomatous disease of upper respiratory tract in tropical areas?

A

K. rhinoslceromatis -> rhinoscleroma
K. ozaenae -> rhinitis

53
Q

What kind of antibiotic resistance is common in K. pneumoniae strains?

A

ESBL also known as extended - spectrum beta - lactamases

54
Q

What antibiotic is E. coli and klebsiella resistant to?

A

CRE also known as carbapenem resistant. The antibiotic is part of a class of Beta - lactam antibiotics which inhibit cell wall syntehsis

55
Q

What biochemical tests differentiates K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca?

A

Indole test. Pneumoniae is indole negative. Oxytoca is indole positive

56
Q

What biochemical test could differentiate K. ozaenae and K. rhinoscleromatis from each other?

A

ONPG test. Ozaenae is variable but K. rhinoscleromatis is ONPG negative.

Both are indole, Orn. decarboxylase, and VP negative.

57
Q

What biochemical test could differentiate K. pneumoniae and K. ozaenae?

A

VP also known as Voges - Proskauer test. K. pneumoniae is positive while K. ozaenae is negative.

Both are Indole and Ornith. decarboxylase negative. K. pneumoniae is ONPG positive while K. ozaenae is variable.

58
Q

What is the purpose of the ONPG test?

A

Detect late lactose fermentor usually requiring more than 24 hours of incubation to be lactose positive. The test utilizes a chemical similar to lactose (ONPG) to detect the enzyme beta - galactosidase. The enzyme will convert the lactose similar structure into galactose and o-nitrophenol both being yellow colored.

A positive test will be a yellow color.

59
Q
A

Clinical Micro 2 Spring 2023 (17 decks)

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