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Clinical Micro 2 Spring 2023 > Exam C Review > Flashcards

Exam C Review Flashcards

1
Q

Between Neisseria and Moraxella, which is DNAse positive?

A

Moraxella

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2
Q

Where is moraxella a normal flora?

A

In the nasopharynx (of children usually)

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3
Q

Where is neisseria a normal flora?

A

Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract

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4
Q

What makes streptococcus agalactiae group B strep?

A

The B carbohydrate antigen on its cell wall

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5
Q

Where does streptococcus agalactiae usually a normal flora?

A

Gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract

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6
Q

What does streptococcus agalactiae usually cause in newborns?

A

Meningitis and septicemia. It is sometimes acquired during delivery through the maternal genital tract

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7
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae in adults would cause…

A

Septicemia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection in adults

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8
Q

What color would colonies of streptococcus agalactiae be on granada medium?

A

Orange brick because of the red non-isoprenoid polyene pigment in Granada medium

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9
Q

Starch and methotrexate serve what purpose in granada medium?

A

Pigment enhancer

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10
Q

What purpose does crystal violet serve in an agar that has it?

A

inhibit gram positive bacteria

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11
Q

What purpose does colistin sulfate serve?

A

Inhibit growth of gram negative bacteria

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12
Q

Metronidazole is used in agar to do what?

A

Inhibit anaerobic bacteria

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13
Q

What biochemical test result would suggest streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Negative PYR
Bacitracin sensitive
Positive hippurate*
Positive CAMP test*

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14
Q

What biochemical test differentiates streptococcus agalactiae from other streptococcus?

A

CAMP test - S. agalactiae is positive for CAMP

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15
Q

What is the CLO test?

A

A rapid urease test using urea and phenol red (pH indicator). A positive result will turn the well pink / Red (alkaline) in the presence of urea. This test is important for identifying Helicobacter pylori

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16
Q

What is detected in the Urea breath test?

A

A patient drinks a urea spiked drink. 15 minutes will go by and then the patient will exhale into two bags. The test detects 13C and 14C isotopes differences of the first and second bag(carbon dioxide levels are measured) . If the H. pylori is present then it will convert urea into carbon dioxide. There will be a higher level of CO2 in the second bag the patient exhaled into.

If CO2 levels remain the same then that is a negative test result for the urea breath test.

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17
Q

What agar is used to grow EHEC aka E coli O157:H7?

A

Sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) other E. coli serotypes will not be able to grow on this agar. EHEC is nonmotile

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18
Q

List genus of bacteria that is biochemically inert or biochemically inactive.

A

H. influenzae
Acinetobacter
Eikenella

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19
Q

What is the incubation temperature of campylobacter cultures?

A

42 C. It is a microaerophilic bacteria too.

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20
Q

Campylobacter biochemical results are?
Motility?
Catalase?
Oxidase?
Nitrate conversion?
Urease?

A

Motile
Catalase positive
Oxidase positive
Nitrate positive
Urease negative

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21
Q

What is the shape of campylobacter?

A

Gull bird wing morphology

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22
Q

What is the agar of choice for campylobacter? What is an alternative?

A

Campy Blood agar is the first choice. An alternative is HEA

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23
Q

Describe how neutral red indicator works.

A

Turns red at pH below 6.8

24
Q

What would TSI & IMViC results look like for shigella?

A

K/A
IMViC: V / + / = / =

25
Q

What would TSI & IMViC results look like for Salmonella

A

K / A H2S & Gas+
IMViC: = / + / = / =

26
Q

Shigella colonies would look like what on HE agar?

A

Green

27
Q

Shigella colonies would look like what on XLD agar?

A

Colorless

28
Q

Salmonella colonies would look like what on HE agar?

A

Green with or without black centers. Black centers if there is a form of iron in the medium.

29
Q

Salmonella colonies would look like what on XLD agar?

A

Red with black centers

30
Q

What are the characteristics of a good sputum specimen?

A

Sputum does NOT require refrigeration unless it is going to be more than a 1-2 hour delay
An accepted sputum sample has 10 or fewer epithelial cells per LPF and 25 or more leukocytes

31
Q

What part of the body are treponemas normal flora?

A

Intestinal tract, oral cavity, or genital tract

32
Q

Describe Corynebacterium diphtheria physical characteristics

A

Gram positive, curved or chinese letter arrangement, ability to produce metachromatic granules, and non acid fast bacilli

33
Q

Where does vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus come from?

A

V. cholerae can come from contaminated water (sewage).
V. parahaemolyticus can come from seafood

34
Q

What agar plate enhances swarming for organisms like proteus?

A

Tween 80 containing agar or Eiken agar

35
Q

What biochemical test differentiate proteus vulgaris and proteus mirabilis?

A

Indole test.
Vularis is indole positive
Mirabilis is indole negative

36
Q

HE agar can differentiate salmonella and shigella. What would other bacterias beside the two look like?

A

Bacterias besides salmonella and shigella would be orange colones because they ferment lactose causing pH to decrease. Orange colonies could be E. coli, K. pneumonia, and yersinia entercolitica (motile)

37
Q

What is the purpose of charcoal (activated) in BYCE agar?

A

Neutralize peroxide and fatty acids that provides a better environment for legionella to grow.

38
Q

What haemophilus species exhibit beta hemolysis and requires X and V factor to grow?

A

H. parahaemolyticus. H. influenzae does not show hemolysis in quad 4, horse blood agar.

39
Q

What haemophilus specie only requires factor X (hemin) to grow?

A

H. ducreyi

40
Q

What haemophilus specie requires no factors to grow?

A

H. aphrophilus

41
Q

What agar is used to isolate streptococcus organisms that has high salt?

A

Mannitol salt agar (default color is pink). The agar is selective and differential using salt to select for salt tolerant streptococcus like S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. The indicator is phenol red.

42
Q

On mannitol salt agar you have two large colonies growing. One colony is yellow and the other is pink. What are the two different colonies?

A

The yellow colony is S. aureus b/c the colony is able to ferment mannitol. The pink colony is S. epidermidis showing it cannot ferment mannitol.

43
Q

An LIA slant is red and butt is red. What could this organism be?

A

Proteus. More testing required to identify species like indole. Indole positive is vulgaris. Negative indole is mirabilis.

44
Q

LIA test shows K / A with H2S produced. What could this bacteria be?

A

Citrobacter

45
Q

LIA test shows K / K with H2S produced. What could this bacteria be?

A

Salmonella

46
Q

If an LIA is purple what does this indicate?

A

Lysine decarboxylase is produced by the organism. It removes CO2 from L - Lysine to form cadaverine (alkaline product). Must be purple throughout.

47
Q

If an LIA is Red this indicates what about the organism?

A

The organism is able to produce an enzyme that deaminates lysine.

48
Q

What sugars are used in Hektoen enteric agar?

A

Lactose and sucrose. Fermentation of lactose turns the media salmon color.

49
Q

What color would bromothymol blue be if fermentation occured?

A

Yellow. If pH was increased instead the dye would be a blue color

50
Q

What color would phenol red be if fermentation took place?

A

Yellow. If pH or no change happened then the color would be red.

51
Q

What color would neutral red dye be if fermentation took place?

A

Red. If pH increased instead with this dye the color would be yellow.

52
Q

What agars use bromothymol blue as a pH indicator?

A

Cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar (CLED)
Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar
OF medium
Simmons citrate Agar

53
Q

What agars use Phenol red as their pH indicator?

A

Mannitol salt agar
TSI
Urease test medium
Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD)

54
Q

What agars use neutral red as their pH indicator?

A

MacConkey agar
Deoxycholate citrate agar (DCA)
SS Agar

55
Q
A

Clinical Micro 2 Spring 2023 (17 decks)

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