Exam D Review

Question 1

Formed stool is recieved in lab at 3 AM for O&P Examination. Night shift tech is certain worload will prevent exmination of specimen until 6 AM when next shift arrives. What should the tech do?

Answer 1

The tech can place the formed stool in refrigeration that will extend specimen life by 1 - 2 days however it does guarantee full recovery of parasites. In formed stool protozoan cysts can be found and helminth eggs and larvae can be found too.

Question 2

What kind of parasite stages can be found in a soft stool?

Answer 2

Trophozoites and cysts

Question 3

What kind of parasite stages can be found in formed stool?

Answer 3

Protozoan cysts, helminth eggs, and larvae

Question 4

What kind of parasite stages can be found in liquid stool?

Answer 4

trophozoites

Question 5

What elements in stool can indicate parasite presence?

Answer 5

Mucus, blood, or macroscopic parasites themselves.

Question 6

What is saline used for in a wet mount?

Answer 6

Detects motility under low light

Question 7

What is iodine used for in wet mount?

Answer 7

Kills trophozoites and enhances nuclear material. This procedure cannot be performed on preserved specimens.

Question 8

Refrigeration on stool will preserve what kind of parasites (stages)?

Answer 8

Eggs, larvae, and amoebic cysts. Do not refrigerate if you suspect amoebic trophozoites

Question 9

10% formalin preservative will preserve what kind of parasites (stages?

Answer 9

Eggs, larvae, and amoebic cysts

Question 10

PVA preservation will preserve what kind of parasite stages?

Answer 10

Best for amoebic trophozoites and preservative is compatible with permanent staining

Question 11

Schaudinn’s fluid will preserve what kind of parasite stages?

Answer 11

Used for fresh stool samples and good for trophs and cysts

Question 12

Not only can PVA act as a preservative but it is also a ____?

Answer 12

adhesive

Question 13

How fast should formed stools be examined?

Answer 13

Within 24 hours and with refrigeration 1 - 2 days. Do not refrigerate if … amoebic or trophozoites are suspected (DOUBLE CHECK forgot.)

Question 14

How fast should semisolid stool be examined?

Answer 14

Within an hour

Question 15

How fast should liquid stool be examined?

Answer 15

Within 30 minutes

Question 16

Trichrome stain is used to find what kind of parasites?

Answer 16

Intestinal protozoa

Question 17

What kind of parasites are found with methenamine silver?

Answer 17

Pneumocytis jirovecii - look for a light bulb structure with a lot of bacteria in it.

Question 18

What kind of parasites are found with iron hematoxylin stain?

Answer 18

Non-coccidial intestinal protozoas like yeast, protozoa trophozoites and cysts

Question 19

What kind of parasites are found with modified kinyoun acid fast stain?

Answer 19

Cryptosporidium, cyclospora, isospora, microsporidia

Question 20

What kind of parasites are found with Giemsa stain?

Answer 20

Blood parasites such as plasmodium, trypanosomes, babesia, and leishmania. It makes seeing schuffner dots easier b/c they stain red.

Question 21

What kind of genus is included in the coccidial protozoa?

Answer 21

Cryptosporidium, cyclospora, isospora, toxoplasma, and coccidial protoza. They will have thick walled oocysts

Question 22

During the trophozoite stage, what is the difference between P. vivax, and P. ovale?

Answer 22

P. vivax will have schuffner’s dots and a signet ring. P. ovale will have schuffner’s dots, and fimbriated RBCs and signet’s ring. Sometimes P. ovale can make RBCs into ovalocytes.

Question 23

During trophozoite stage for P. malariae, what kind of characteristics would RBCs take on?

Answer 23

OrgansThey would have a band form from the parasite and have maurer’s clefts. They will not have schuffner’s dots compared to P. vivax and P. ovale

Question 24

During the schizont stage, what would the numbers of merozoites be like for P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae?

Answer 24

Vivax = 12 - 24 merozoites
Malariae = 6 - 12 merozoites
Ovale = 6 - 14 merozoites

Question 25

What parasite associated with hydatid cyst disease?

Answer 25

Echinococcus granulosus - cestode & dog tapeworm. This parasite can cause the formation of anti - P1 from the cysts.

Question 26

Liver fluke can be caused by what parasites?

Answer 26

Clonorchis sinensis, fasciola hepatica, and opisthorchis spp.

Question 27

For microfilariae, an organism has a sheath with no nuclei in the tail. What could this organism be?

Answer 27

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 28

For microfilariae, an organism has a sheath and 2 nuclei in the tip of the tail. What organism is it?

Answer 28

Brugia malayi

Question 29

For microfilariae, an organism has a sheath, and continuous nuclei in tail. What organism is it?

Answer 29

Loa loa

Question 30

For microfilariae, an organism has no sheath and no nuclei in the tail. What could it be?

Answer 30

Onchocerca volvulus