Practice test

Question 1

what is best method for diagnosis a cervical spine fracture

Answer 1

CT neck

Question 2

what ion disorder can thiazides cause

Answer 2

hyponatraemia

Question 3

what are the symptoms of hyponatraemia

Answer 3

decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, and poor balance. Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma

Question 4

what does raised creatine kinase mean

Answer 4

shows muscle damage

Question 5

how can you reduce the risk of contrast nephropathy

Answer 5

IV sodium chloride infusion

Question 6

what antibiotics can you give for pneumonia

Answer 6

co amoxiclav and clarithromycin

Question 7

what is apixaban

Answer 7

a direct inhibitor of factor Xa

used to prevent stroke in those with AF

Question 8

what is serum corrected calcium used to test for

Answer 8

hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcaemia)

Question 9

what is the short synacthen test

Answer 9

used to test for adrenal insufficiency

Question 10

what is the water deprivation test

Answer 10

tests for diabetes insipidus

Question 11

what could be causes of polyuria and polydipsia

Answer 11

diabetes inspidus

Question 12

what do you need to do before a water deprivation test

Answer 12

exclude hypercalcaemia

Question 13

what are the two types of diabetes insipidus

Answer 13

central and neprogenic

Question 14

what is the most common cause of prosthetic joint infections

Answer 14

staph aureus

Question 15

what is primary sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 15

chronic liver disease
bile ducts inside and outside the liver fibrose 
bile ducts blockage 
causes cirrhosis 
not related to alcohol
frequently occurs with IBD

Question 16

what are the symptoms of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Answer 16

may be assymptomatic initially 
may be picked up on blood tests 
tiredness
itching 
jaundice
abdo discomfort

Question 17

how do you investigate PSC

Answer 17

ultrasound- bile duct thickening and dilatation

MR cholangiopancreatography -beaded appearance of bile duct

Question 18

what are the features of carcinoma

Answer 18

nuclear enlargement
hyperchromasia
pleomorphism

Question 19

what are risk factors for endocarditis

Answer 19

IV drug use 
valve replacement 
congenital heart disease
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
damaged heart valves
IV drug use

Question 20

what are symptoms of endocarditis

Answer 20

fever
chills
headache
joint and muscle pain

Question 21

how can you diagnosis endocarditis

Answer 21

transoesophageal echo

blood cultures

Question 22

what are uterine fibroids

Answer 22

benign smooth muscle tumours

Question 23

how do you treat urge incontinence

Answer 23

muscarinic antagonist

Question 24

how do you treat glaucoma

Answer 24

muscarinic agonist