Practice test Flashcards
what is best method for diagnosis a cervical spine fracture
CT neck
what ion disorder can thiazides cause
hyponatraemia
what are the symptoms of hyponatraemia
decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, and poor balance. Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma
what does raised creatine kinase mean
shows muscle damage
how can you reduce the risk of contrast nephropathy
IV sodium chloride infusion
what antibiotics can you give for pneumonia
co amoxiclav and clarithromycin
what is apixaban
a direct inhibitor of factor Xa
used to prevent stroke in those with AF
what is serum corrected calcium used to test for
hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcaemia)
what is the short synacthen test
used to test for adrenal insufficiency
what is the water deprivation test
tests for diabetes insipidus
what could be causes of polyuria and polydipsia
diabetes inspidus
what do you need to do before a water deprivation test
exclude hypercalcaemia
what are the two types of diabetes insipidus
central and neprogenic
what is the most common cause of prosthetic joint infections
staph aureus
what is primary sclerosing cholangitis
chronic liver disease bile ducts inside and outside the liver fibrose bile ducts blockage causes cirrhosis not related to alcohol frequently occurs with IBD
what are the symptoms of primary sclerosing cholangitis
may be assymptomatic initially may be picked up on blood tests tiredness itching jaundice abdo discomfort
how do you investigate PSC
ultrasound- bile duct thickening and dilatation
MR cholangiopancreatography -beaded appearance of bile duct
what are the features of carcinoma
nuclear enlargement
hyperchromasia
pleomorphism
what are risk factors for endocarditis
IV drug use valve replacement congenital heart disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy damaged heart valves IV drug use
what are symptoms of endocarditis
fever
chills
headache
joint and muscle pain
how can you diagnosis endocarditis
transoesophageal echo
blood cultures
what are uterine fibroids
benign smooth muscle tumours
how do you treat urge incontinence
muscarinic antagonist
how do you treat glaucoma
muscarinic agonist
