cards Flashcards
what is the latin for head lice
pediculosis capitis
what is the spirometry pattern for PF
normal FEV1/FVC ratio >70%
but both values reduced
reduced transfer factor
what is the most common lung cancer in non smokers
adenocarcinoma
usually normal bronchoscopy
what are the three main types of non small cell lung cancer
squamous cell
adenocarcinoma
large cell lung carcinoma
what are the features of squamous cell carcinoma
central (would see on bronchoscopy)
PTHrP (parathyroid hormone related protein) so hypercalcaemia
finger clubbing
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
what are the features of adencarcinoma
peripheral
non smokers most likely to get this one
normal bronchoscopy
what are the features of large cell lung carcinoma
typically peripheral
anaplastic poorly differentiated
poor prognosis
may secrete beta hCG
what are the features of Bell’s palsy
acute unilateral idiopathic facial nerve paralysis most common in pregnant women
lower motor neuron lesion so forehead also affected
post auricular pain
altered taste
dry eyes
hyperacusis
what would a vesicular rash around the ear suggest
ramsey hunt syndrome
what is ramsey hunt syndrome
shingles in cn 7 near the ear facial paralysis hearing loss vesicular rash around the ear
what is the treatment for bells palsy
no treatment or
prednisolone
supportive eye care
how can you differentiate between facial paralysis from a stroke and from bells palsy
stroke will usually spare the forehead
what are the features of prader willi syndrome
genetic disorder
newborns: weak muscles, poor feeding, slow development, floppyness
constant hunger
intellectual impairment
behaviour problems
what are some causes of neonatal hypotonia
neonatal sepsis
werdnig hoffman (SMA1)
hypothyroidism
Prader wili
maternal drugs (benzos) maternal myesthenia gravis
what is the treatment for pseudogout
NSAIDS
Colchinine
methotrexate 2nd line
aspirate
steroids
what is pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate deposition causing microcrystal synovitis
caused by haemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, hypophosphataemia , hypothyroidism, hypomagnesaemia, wilsons disease, acromegaly
normally affects larger joints eg knees
gout normally affects first MCP joint
what is zoons balanitis
rash on glans and foreskin no itch, pain or discharge usually older men shiny moist, orange-red, well demarcated plaque pinpoint lesions
what is lichen sclerosis on the penis
tip of foreskin develops a tight white ring which may cause phimosis
what is seborrhoeic dermatitis
rash on penis
itchy
not well demarcated
why is mastoiditis a medical emergency
risk of meningitis
sitagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
what condition presents similarly to turners syndrome
noonan syndrome
why do renal transplant patients have an increased risk of SCC
immunocompromised
what is marjolins ulcer
SCC in an area of chronic inflammation
which skin cancer is multipigmented
malignant melanoma
where do basal cell carcinomas often appear
face, scalp, nose and ear (rodent ulcers with telangectasia)
what antibiotic is used to treat whooping cough
azithromycin
what do brisk tendon reflexes in a pregnant woman suggest
pre eclampsia
what does pre eclampsia predispose to
fetal prematurity and growth retardation eclampsia haemorrhage cardiac failure multi organ failure
what are the risk factors for pre eclampsia
hypertensive disease in previous pregnancy CKD autoimmune diabetes hypertension
> 40 years old
high BMI
family history
multiple pregnancy
what is the treatment for pre eclampsia
labetalol
nifedinpine
hydralazine
what is dacrycystitis
infection of the lacrimal sac
what are the symptoms ofdacrycystitis
watering of the eye
swelling and eythema of the inner canthus of the eye
what can concurrent prescription of trimethoprim and methotrexate cause
myelosuppression and pancytpaenia causing infection and bleeding
which anaesthetic has the strongest analgesic effect
ketamine
what are the features of propofol
rapid onset pain on injection anti emetic myocardial depression maintains sedation on ITU
sodium thiopentone
very rapid onset of action
myocardial depression
unsuitable for maintenence
little analgesic effect
what are the features of ketamine
induction of anaesthesia
strong analgesia
little myocardial depression
nightmares
etomidate
cardiac safety
no analgesia
adrenal suppression
vomiting
what is the autism triad
communication problems
impaired relationships
ritualistic behaviour
what are the features of myometrial fibroids
menorrhagia
subfertililty
abdominal mass
sometimes pain
later: dysuria, hydronephrosis, constipation, sciatica
what is the treatment for uterine fibroids
tranexamic acid NSAIDS Progesterones surgery IUD
how might ALL present
DIC- petechial rash
consider meningitis if pyrexia
what are the symptoms of ALL
anaemia neutropaenia thrombocytopaenia bone pain splenomegaly hepatomegaly testicular swelling
what drugs could be used to manage AF
beta blockers calcium channel blockers digoxin sotalol amiodarone
what conditions are associated with polyhydramnios
diabetes
anencephaly
twins
oesophageal atresia
what conditions are associated with oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid)
pre eclampsia
which oral steroid has the least amount of mineralcorticoid activity
dexamethasone
what are the risk factors for meconium aspiration
post term delivery
what is neonatal death
death between 1-28 days
what is stillbirth
born with no signs of life after 28 weeks
what are perinatal deaths
still birth and death within first 5 weeks of life
what is early neonatal death
death in the first 7 days of life
what brain problem can lead to torsades de point
subarachnoid haemorrhage
