Cards Flashcards
What electrolyte disorder is common in myleoma
hypercalcaemia
what are the presenting features of myeloma
Older adults - median age 60 years; male more than female
Anaemia
Bone pain - most common in the back or ribs; may present as a pathologic fracture following minimal trauma, especially of the femoral neck
Infection - commonly with encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae; due to suppression of antibody production and neutropenia
Hypercalcaemia - nausea, fatigue, confusion, polyuria, constipation
Weight loss is common
Hyperviscosity.
What is a common cause of post operative foot drop
pressure on the common peroneal nerve during anaesthesia
ensure padding on the fibula head during operations
why is a central neurological cause unlikely to result in foot drop
would not cause a well defined peripheral nerve lesion
give common causes of hypercalcaemia
primary hyperparathyroidism hypercalcaemia of malignancy paraneoplastic syndrome lymphoma thyrotoxicosis
what blood features might you find in severe boughts of prolonged vomiting
high serum aldosterone
hypochlorydia
hypokalaemia
tetany (caused by metabolic acidosis)
would you expect high or low bicarb in a metabolic acidosis
low (this is not compensation)
what are the functions of aldosterone
steroid hormone that retains sodium
what is the opposite of aldosterone
atrial naturetic peptide
what is a strain pattern on an ECG?
left ventricular hypertrophy
large voltages in the chest leads
ST depression and T wave inversion
with hypertension suggests end organ damage
what is the inheritance pattern of haemophillia A
X linked recessive
will the son of a haemophilliac have haemophillia
no because they inherit the X chromosome from their mother
what artery originates from the left posterior aortic sinus
left coronary artery
what artery supplies the AV node
right coronary artery
what vessel opens into the right atrium
coronary sinus
