Practice Test 3 Flashcards
Which of the following is a normative claim?
A. Although most Americans disagree, fouling to stop the clock is immoral.
B. Studies show that most the majority of NFL players that PED’s.
C. Lance Armstrong believed that lying about blood doping was justified.
D. Taking a dive in soccer - in hopes of drawing a foul - is a common and accepted practice in soccer.
A
Kantian ethics is best summarized by which of the following terms? A. Duty B. Consequences C. Love D. Character
A
Simon argues that there is no reason to accept the claim that “descriptive relativism implies ethical relativism” Which of the following best summarizes his reasoning?
A. Disagreement (over ethical values) implies nothing more than disagreement.
B. Because all moral claims are a matter of opinion. No one has the right to insist that anyone else believe that “descriptive relativism implies ethical relativism”
C. The Chinese think differently than the Americans, therefore it follows that “each cultures morals are right for that culture.”
D. Tolerance and diversity are more important values than truth or justice.
A
Someone might argue that the reason why Penn State University allowed Jerry Sandusky scandal to happen is that they were convinced that the amount of benefits (money, prestige, etc.) far outweighed the amount of harm to kids. In essence they would be making the claim that PSU was motivated by the assumption that doing nothing was the “greatest good for the greatest number”. This argument (“greatest good…”) is best described as a:
A. Utilitarian argument
B. Deontological argument
C. Virtue argument
A
In contrast, someone might argue that the reason why Penn State University allowed the Jerry Sandusky scandal to happen was a lack of courage among all the leaders of the University who had the power to stop it. In essence they would be making the claim that PSU did not have the character to do the right thing. This argument (“character…”) is best described as a:
A. Utilitarian argument
B. Deontological argument
C. Virtue argument
C
T/F Dr. T argued that Fort’s idea of “mediating institutions” was particularly valuable in diagnosing the dangers inherent in NCAA “big-time” athletics. Too often, athletics can become a “quarantining institution” on campus where the athletics department sees the rest of the campus as a threat.
True
According to which school of thought should sportsmanship be understood in reference to the "rules"? A. Formalism B. Conventionalism C. Broad Internalism D. Broad Externalism
A
Fort argued that a “mediating institutions” framework promoted solidarity and subsidiarity. Which of the following best summarize the idea of subsidiarity?
A. We’re all in this together.
B. No higher level of authority should handle what a lower level of authority can.
C. Without governmental subsidies equality is impossible.
D. Any time one subsidizes effort competition is squelched.
B
T/F Simon argues that strategic fouls are morally defensible. Key to his defense is the distinctions between sanctions (impermissible actions) and prices (strategic options).
True
Which of the following best summarizes Simon’s conception of ethical competition?
A. Win if you can, lose if you must, but always cheat.
B. Winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing.
C. Competition is a mutual quest for excellence.
D. Competition, like Nietzsche’s “will to power” is a fact of life.
C
Controversies in sport are not uncommon. To which of the following would a conventionalist appeal in trying to clear up a controversy in sport? A. Ethos B. Rules C. Internal Goods D. The point and purposes of the game.
A
Internal goods are best understood as:
A. subjective goods. That is, they are internal to personal experience (the joy of achievement, the thrill of victory, etc.). Rules
B. financial goods. That is, as good that keep the internal (financial) state of the organization healthy.
C. operational goods. These goods rise or fall on the internal moral health and behavior (operations) of the
D. those good that cannot be achieved apart from the practice in which they are found. The “home run” is a good internal to baseball.
D
Fort argues that the best way to promote ethical behavior is through: A. rules B. community C. law D. consequences
B
The critics of competition argue that competitive sport (due to its zero-sum nature) is inherently selfish? Which of the following best explains what “zero-sum” means?
A. Winning causes emotional distress.
B. To summarize winning as more important than sharing is of zero worth.
C. Winning is not necessarily a sign pf competitive success.
D. Wins and losses cannot be shared. Having a winner requires having a loser.
D
Simon argues that sometimes "inequalities are justifiable." To support his claim he raises the example of a father of two only giving medicine to his sick child. This conception of equality is described in the text as: A. Equal distribution B. Equal respect and concern C. Zero sum logic D. Distributionism
B
