Practice Test 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is a normative claim?
A. Penn State officials appear to have enabled sexual abuse on campus.
B. Women athletes often exhibit better sportsmanship than their male counterparts.
C. Tim Tebow believes there is nothing wrong with public prayer during games.
D. Although many soccer players disagree, taking a dive is always wrong.
D
Which of the following quotes from Simon (chapter 1) best support the claim that sport is ubiquitous?
A. “Indeed participation is sports, and the related activity of play, is characteristic of most, if not all, human societies.”
B. “Girls may have received less encouragement to participate [in sport] than boys.”
C. “Although there is a tendency to regard sports as trivial, it is not that such a view is justified.”
D. “Issues arise in sports that are not simply empirical questions of psychology, sociology, or some other discipline.”
A
T/F The following is descriptive claim: “The majority of MLB managers believe stealing signs is OK.”
True
Ethical relativism is best summarizes as:
A. The claim that a proper understanding of ethics demands the recognition of the existence of truth.
B. The claim that each culture’s morals are right for that culture.
C. The claim that the moral values and judgments people make are merely a function of their culture, class, religious background, etc.
D. The claim that our descriptions of ubiquity are relative to post-modernity.
B
Simon argues in Chapter 1 of “Fair Play” that “Consensus or disagreements are neither fixed nor the problem.” Which of the following sentences best summarizes what he means?
A. All moral people will admit that whatever a culture believes is right for that culture. We are in no position to judge other cultures.
B. All disagreement or consensus prove is disagreement or consensus. What counts is not the degree of consensus, but the reasons we can give to support our claims.
C. Moral disagreement is only problematic when people are intolerant and dogmatic - thereby demanding consensus - regarding truth claims.
D. Success depends upon the ontological reality of diversity as meta-cognitive reality.
B
Dr. T identified all of the following as "schools of thought" regarding good and evil except: A. Hedonsim B. Illusion/Useful Fiction C. Transcendence D. Permissiveness
D
How would someone who believed “good and evil” should be understood from a transcendent perspective most likely explain evil?
A. Evil is a privation, a lack, a corruption of the good.
B. There is no mystery to evil, it is, simply put, pain.
C. Evil (like good) is simply a man made category by which the powerful manipulate the powerless.
D. Evil is the opposite of Good. Like two cosmic forces battling each other, good and evil need each other.
A
When baseball player Pedro Martinez was recently caught on tape cockfighting in the Dominican Republic, he argued that his behavior was ethical because in the Dominican Republic cockfighting is considered normal. In essence, he was arguing that each culture's morals are right for that culture. This attitude is described by Simon as: A. Descriptive Relativism B. Ethical Relativism C. Descriptive Realism D. Ethical Realism
B
According to hedonists, we should pursue: A. Power B. Justice C. Compassion D. Pleasure
D
Who argued that true morality is the "will to power"? A. Dostoevsky B. Nietzsche C. Plato D. Simon
B
T/F The following is an accurate summary of the problem of evil: “How can evil exist without God? For in a Godless world there is no good nor evil, for there can be no way that things ‘should be’, if there is no reason that ‘things are’. Now that modern science has shown that God does not exist, good and evil, as terms of discourse, have lost all meaning.”
False
T/F Dr. T argued that Benedict’s argument in favor of relativism was wrong. As such, he said that there was nothing of value in her article.
False
Dr. T argued that he was a realist because "realists can admit the importance of culture, while still maintaining that objective moral truths exist". What did he use as an example (class) to support this claim? A. Taking turns B. Washing your hands C. Sharing D. Saying please and thank you
B
According to Elshtain, judgment:
A. Has fallen out of favor because of “victimization” and “Self-esteem” run amok.
B. Has fallen out of favor because Americans have rightly realized the evils of racism, sexism, and bigotry inherent in judging others.
C. Is still fashionable, but only among artists and other creative professionals.
D. Must be replaced by tolerance and affirmation.
A
T/F Midgley argues in favor of the claim that “moral judgment is merely ‘a kind of coinage valid only in the country of its origins.’”
False
