PRACTICE FINAL QUESTIONS

Question 1

You are writing an outline for a presentation in Motor Learning…which best describes which type of skill you are engaged in? (think back to the examples given in class)
* Discrete
* Open
* Continuous
* None of these are correct
* Closed

Answer 1

closed

Question 2

Which of the following is/are examples of serial skills, as discussed in class? Select any that apply.
* Kicking a ball
* Running
* Gymnastics routine
* Throwing a dart
* Playing the piano
* Swimming

Answer 2

-gymnastics routine
-playing the piano

Question 3

Which of the following is false regarding the short-term memory (STM) system?
* Working memory is a type of STM
* All of these are true
* 1 to 60 s in storage duration
* More abstract than STSS
* Seemingly limitless capacity for storage

Answer 3

seemingly limitless capacity for storage

Question 4

T/F: Hick’s Law evaluates the time required to decide on a response based on the number of options/stimuli.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Match the receptor sources of sensory information [exteroceptors, proprioceptors, interoceptors]
* Provide information about efferent signaling from internal organs
* Provide information about movement of objects in the environment
* Describe the state of internal organs
* Provide information about our own movements
* Provide information about our limbs in space relative to our center of mass

Answer 5

-exteroceptors: provide information about movement of objects in the environment
-proprioceptors: provide information about our own movements
-interoceptors: describe the state of internal organs

Question 6

Which of the following is true about muscle spindles?
* Arranged in series with muscle fibers
* Provide information about changes in muscle force
* Innervated by afferent sensory axons
* None of these are correct
* Slower conduction than all joint receptors

Answer 6

innervated by afferent sensory axons

Question 7

T/F: Knowledge of performance is verbalized (or verbalizable) post-movement information about the nature of the movement itself.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Which of the following claims about general vision training is founded on solid scientific evidence?
* Superior athletes often have a perceptual advantage
* Visual skills that are trained in sport vision programs will result in superior sport performance
* All of these are myths with no support
* Superior athletes have superior visual skills
* Visual skills can be improved with training

Answer 8

superior athletes often have a perceptual advantage

Question 9

Individuals with amnesia, as discussed in class, may be able to retain newly acquired motor skills + previously learned skills, even with severe retention deficits for other types of information. Which terminology best describes this scenario?
* Amnetic memory
* Motor memory separation
* Verbal-cognitive modeling
* Memory dissociation
* Memory deficit

Answer 9

memory dissociation

Question 10

Which type of test can evaluate actual motor learning? Select any that apply.
* Massed
* Retention
* T-test
* Blocked acquisition period
* Distributed
* Transfer

Answer 10

-retention
-transfer

Question 11

Performance is about ____ changes in motor behavior. Select any that apply.
* Dynamic
* Temporary
* Static
* Permanent

Answer 11

temporary

Question 12

Which can be defined as a group of abstract ideas about the acquisition or modification of movement?
* Fitts’s Law
* Schema
* Open-loop control system
* Theories of motor learning
* Hypothesis

Answer 12

theories of motor learning

Question 13

Which is the order in which we input + then output information?
* None of these
* Output -> decision making -> feedback -> input
* Output -> feedback -> input -> decision making
* Input -> decision making -> output -> feedback
* Input -> feedback -> output -> decision making
* Input -> output -> decision making -> feedback

Answer 13

input -> decision making -> output -> feedback

Question 14

Poor quality lighting or blurriness on the computer screen in a virtual simulation will result in longer time in which stage?
* Stimulus identification
* None of the above
* Response selection
* Program execution

Answer 14

stimulus identification

Question 15

The stages of motor learning are first ____, then ____, + finally ____.
* Response selection
* Stimulus identification
* Autonomous
* Program execution
* Cognitive
* Fixation

Answer 15

cognitive, fixation, autonomous

Question 16

Which measurement of error is associated with consistency problems?
* Coefficient of variation
* Absolute constant error
* Standard deviation
* Variable error
* Constant error

Answer 16

variable error

Question 17

If the relative phase of 2 limb segments is measured at 180 degrees, what can be said about the segments?
* They are in phase
* Not enough information to describe phase status
* They are out of phase

Answer 17

they are out of phase

Question 18

T/F: A “saccade” is rapid finger tapping, like during the Fitts’s Law speed-accuracy experiment.

Answer 18

false

Question 19

What does Fitts’s Law indicate? Select any that apply.
* Movement time decreases as target width decreases
* Movement time increases as movement amplitude decreases
* Movement time increases as aiming accuracy requirement increases

Answer 19

movement time increases as aiming accuracy requirement increases

Question 20

Which is true about a performance curve?
* The levels of the performance measure are on the y-axis
* There is no specific convention for labeling the y-axis
* The numbers of trials performed are on the y-axis
* The time over which the performance is measured is on the y-axis

Answer 20

the levels of the performance measure are on the y-axis

Question 21

The graph below is from a study by Wulf + Su (2007), showing accuracy scores where higher scores = greater accuracy. In the external focus group, subjects were instructed to focus on the swing of the club. The internal focus participants were instructed to focus on the swing of their arms. The control group was not given attentional focus instructions. Based on these data, which statement is incorrect?

• The external focus group outperformed the 2 other groups during the practice (acquisition) period
• The control + internal focus group did not significantly differ in performance
• The external focus group demonstrated superior performance in a retention test (without instructions)
• The external focus group retained the same level of performance they exhibited at the end of the practice period
• All of these statements are true

Answer 21

the external focus group retained the same level of performance they exhibited at the end of the practice period

Question 22

T/F: The grooved pegboard test is a measure of manual dexterity (fine motor control).

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Riding a bicycle is an example of what type of motor skill?
* Serial
* Continuous
* Discrete

Answer 23

continuous

Question 24

T/F: Absolute error tells you the magnitude of deviation from the target.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

What happens to premotor time with age?
* Increases
* Stays the same
* Decreases

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

Which device measures electrical brain activity?
* fMRI
* EMG
* PET
* None of the above
* EEG

Answer 26

EEG

Question 27

T/F: Open-loop control systems comprise feedback to improve performance between trials.

Answer 27

false

Question 28

A professional tennis player like Roger Federer is at which stage of motor learning?
* Fixation
* Interference
* None of the above
* Verbal-cognitive

Answer 28

none of the above

Question 29

T/F: CPGs are spinal networks of neurons that produce rhythmic output for motor control.

Answer 29

true

Question 30

T/F: The inclination to engage in the set/overhand basketball shot rather than the granny/underhand is a physical restriction more so than a psychological or social one.

Answer 30

false