ch. 12 Flashcards
schema theory
with learning, subject develops schemas (rules) that allow the generation of new movements
-ex: when we have a heavier racquet, we have schema that we must swing with more force
what other concepts are explained by schema theory
-slow movements are feedback based
-rapid movements are GMP/program based
who created schema theory
Schmidt
schema theory consists of what 2 memories
recall memory
recognition memory
recall memory
responsible for production of movement
(I pull up file for swinging a racquet, how am I going to adjust?)
recognition memory
responsible for movement evaluation
(how accurate was I in getting tennis ball to contact racquet? what about tennis ball to target?)
in which memory of schema theory do we evaluate inherent/sensory feedback after completing a movement
recognition memory
3 levels of analysis to stages of motor learning
biomechanical
cognitive
neurophysiological
Fitz’s 3 stages of motor learning
cognitive -> fixation -> autonomous
Fitz’s stages of motor learning have fixed/modifiable borders
modifiable
they are mealleable
NOT fixed/discrete
cognitive (stage 1)
-verbal-motor stage
-introduced to task with instructions/demo -> become aware of that task pretty quick + learner determines appropriate strategies (retain effective, discard ineffective)
-dramatic improvements
fixation (stage 2)
-acquisition stage
-when the individual has already determined most effective way to do task + they are just focused on small adjustments
-gradual improvements, lengthy stage
autonomous (stage 3)
-person becomes professional + can do movement without directing attention
-it is now automatic
Adams
created closed-loop theory (instructions sent to effectors, which get feedback to minimize error)
Keetch
setup based on schema theory + force variability
-most success in shooting when 15 feet away from basket so therefore doesn’t fulfill schema
