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Motor Learning Final > ch. 8 coordination > Flashcards

ch. 8 coordination Flashcards

1
Q

unilateral/bimanual tasks have an influence on Fitts’ paradigm, pending ID

A

BIMANUAL

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2
Q

Kelso + Jeka (remember JK)

A

-found that limbs moving in the same direction demonstrate more stable patterns than limbs moving in opposite directions
-this was only true for upper + lower limb combinations, which were more stable for contralateral pairs than ipsilateral pairs

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3
Q

“limbs moving in same directions have more stable patterns than limbs moving in opposite directions” is only true for what combinations

A

upper + lower limb combinations

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4
Q

upper + lower limb combinations are more stable for ipsilateral/contralateral pairs

A

contralateral

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5
Q

Peters

A

(THINK PETER PIPER)
-looked at 100 subjects to see if they could recite a nursery rhyme at the same time as tapping their hands to a different rhythm
-ALL subjects were unsuccessful (interference occurred)

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6
Q

is it possible to recite a nursery rhyme at same time as tapping hands to a different rhtyhm?

A

NO

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7
Q

Yamanishi, Kawato, Suzuki (remember SKY)

A

-subjects tapped L/R fingers with L/R visual metronomes which gave either in phase/symmetric or out of phase/anti-phase/asymmetric
-in phase (0, 360) performed best
-anti-phase (180)
-in phase + anti-phase perform with greater accuracy/stability than any other phase relation

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8
Q

in phase #s

A

0, 360

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9
Q

out of phase #s

A

180

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10
Q

which phase relations perform greatest accuracy/stability

A

in-phase + anti-phase
-in-phase is BEST

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11
Q

Saeb, Weber, Triesch

A

(remember SWT, swift)
-monkey looks straight ahead where unexpected target will appear in periphery of visual field
-eyes, head, + gaze have different timelines in reaching the stimulus
-eyes first, then quickly stabilizes
-gaze after eyes, continues to look at object
-head takes the longest
-head + eyes are coordinated by opposite timing- by the time the head gets to the stimulus, the eyes have already left

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12
Q

what does gaze refer to

A

fovea

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13
Q

do eyes, head, + gaze have same timelines

A

NO
-eyes first, then stabilize
-gaze follows + continues to look at object
-head takes the longest
-by the time the head reaches stimulus, eyes have already left

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14
Q

describe coordination of head + eyes

A

coordinated by opposite timing
-by the time the head gets to the stimulus, the eyes have already left

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15
Q

reaching + grasping tasks are discrete/continuous/serial

A

discrete

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16
Q

____ allows person to quickly identify stimulus

A

saccades

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17
Q

why do saccades help with coordination

A

because of tight connection between head + eye movement

18
Q

reaching + grasping tasks are coordinated in ____ + ____

A

time + space

19
Q

reaching + grasping tasks have a ____ that coordinates timing between eyes, head, + hand

A

GMP

20
Q

what 3 things does GMP for reaching + grasping tasks coordinate timing between

A

eyes
head
hand

21
Q

reaching + grasping tasks are unimanual/bilateral

A

unimanual

22
Q

vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR)

A

rotation of head is detected ->

triggers IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) to eye muscles on 1 side + EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) to eye muscles on other side ->

results in eye movement

23
Q

why are eyes + head coordinated

A

because of their opposing motions

24
Q

eyes ____ for head movement to stabilize visual image on retina

A

compensate

25
Q

Summers

A

-polyrhythm, bimanual setup
-subjects tapped different rhythms on each hand
-subjects couldn’t do without interference

26
Q

is it possible to tap different rhythms on each hand?

A

NO

27
Q

Jeannerod

A

-reaching + grasping tasks consist of 2 parts- transport + grip
-acceleration, then deceleration
-peak grip aperture (max grip) = 75% overall movement

28
Q

when does peak grip aperture (max grip) occur

A

75% overall movement

29
Q

2 parts of reaching + grasping

A

transport
grip

30
Q

acceleration/deceleration occurs first in reaching + grasping tasks

A

acceleration, then deceleration

31
Q

if movement distances are completed in progressively shorter times, spatial variability increases/decreases

A

INCREASES

32
Q

how was aperture affected in reaching tasks with vision

A

aperture widened in less time

33
Q

how was aperture affected in reaching tasks without vision

A

aperture widened further

34
Q

how do subjects compensate for anticipated increased spatial variability

A

by increasing grip size/aperture

35
Q

Muller

A

-endless hallway virtual reality simulation evaluating role of vision on gait transitions
-when visual feedback matched treadmill- feedback was normal, normal transition time
-when visual feedback slower than treadmill- subjects felt like they were walking slower than they actually were, impacted gait transition
-when visual feedback faster than treadmill- subjects felt like they were walking faster, took longer to transition into running
-visual speed manipulation influences gait

36
Q

define gait transitions

A

going from walking to running + running to walking

37
Q

descirbe feedback + transition time when visual feedback matched the treadmill

A

feedback was normal
-normal transition time

38
Q

describe feedback when visual feedback was slower than treadmill

A

subjects felt like they were walking slower than they actually were
-impacted gait transition

39
Q

describe feedback + gait transition when visual feedback was faster than treadmill

A

subjects felt like they were walking faster than they actually were
-took longer to transition to running

40
Q

what does visual speed manipulation influence?

A

GAIT

Motor Learning Final (13 decks)

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