Practice 1 Flashcards
What benign neoplasm stains with Glut-1?
Infantile hemangioma
- if mom underwent chronic villi sampling, it could increase risk of these strawberry hemangiomas
What mutation is associated with Port wine stain?
GNAQ
does not stain with Glut 1 like infantile hemangioma!
How do glucocorticosteroids work?
Inhibition of NF-kappa B
What disease causes increased pigmentation?
addisons disease
*darker skin than sister.
What is seborrheic dermatitis associated with?
Neuro disorders (parkinsons)
Head trauma
PTSD
HIV
When you see “velvet neck” think ___________
- what can cause it?
Acanthosis nigricans
- familial obesity endocrinopathies drugs cancer ***red flag - rapid weight loss
night sweat, red spot on palms (janeway lesions), osler nodes, black streaks in nails (hemorrhagic splinters)
infective endocarditis
tightness around mouth, SOB, salt and pepper changes, raynauds
- what disease can it be?
- how can you dx it?
systemic scleroderma
ANA+ in 80-90%
- that poor lady in clinic
- pulm/card involvement
itchy rash with ulcers with white lace around in the mouth (mucosa)
- How can you make sure?
lichen planus
Look for the signs “4 Ps of lichen planus”
- puritic
- polygonal
- purple papule
What do we have to worry about for lichen planus?
hepatitis C
If a pt was suspected of nec fasc –> was treated –> gets worse, what is the disease probably?
pyoderma gangrenosum
(expanding ulcer)
- pathergy: the more you injure it the more it gets worse
Pathergy
- what is it
- what disease is associated with it?
The more you injure it, the more it gets worse
- pyoderma gangrenosum
Most pts 50-70% of pts with pyoderma gangrenosum have what underlying condition?
inflammatory bowel disease
- 2nd most common is ulcerative colitis or crohns
Nails are curled in
- name
koilonychia
wood grain on the chest, think ________
lung cancer
Shawl sign, think ______
dermatomyositis
Which viruses require RdRp?
All (-) strand RNA viruses and double-strand RNA viruses
Viral attachment and subsequent entry into cells generally occurs through specific or non-specific interactions with the lipid by-layer??
Specific (otherwise we would be double screwed) think about their glycoproteins!
How do interferons respond to viral infxns?
Interferons induce cellular resistance to viral replication
- IFNs (interferes with viral infection of neighboring cells) which induces the anti-viral state.
Are Interferons generally directly toxic to viruses?
no
Interferons induce cellular resistance to viral replication
- IFNs (interferes with viral infection of neighboring cells) which induces the anti-viral state.
Adverse Drug Reactions of acyclovir
IV → Encephalopathy Renal toxicity w. IV route
What do plaque assays measure?
A. Infectivity of a sample
acute local disease (ie: common cold)
- incubation period
- virus shedding and transmission
- host responses
- likelihood of re-infection
- incubation period: short
- virus shedding and transmission: many serotypes are rapidly mutating, resulting in short lived immunity
- host responses: secretory IgA
- likelihood of re-infection: common
acute systemic disease (ie: measles)
- incubation period
- virus shedding and transmission
- host responses
- likelihood of re-infection
- incubation period: long
- virus shedding and transmission: primary infxn in epithelium but can result in 2nd replication sites
- host responses: secretory IgA and serum IgG
- likelihood of re-infection: low
Short-lived immunity (primarily secretory IgA) is associated with acute systemic or acute local disease?
acute local
Is it recommended for immunocompromised individuals to receive the influenza vaccine?
influenza vaccine is inactivated so it doesnt matter
unlike the chicken pox VZV one!
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) primary infection is BEST characterized as acute local or acute systemic infxn?
Acute systemic infection
Amantadine targets which of the following stages of the life cycle of influenza virus?
Viral uncoating
. Acyclovir preferentially targets which of the following enzymes for its antiviral activity?
Viral DNA polymerase
Caspofungin does/does not? directly target ergosterol pathways
does not
-
Drug BEST for P. jirovici (carinii) pneumonia in AIDS patients.
Pentamidine
Dimorphic: fungi
o Some Can Have Both Phases = (For thermal dimorphic species) § Sporothrix schenkii § Coccidioides immitis § Histoplasmosa capsulatum § Blastomyces dermatitides § Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
. Katayama fever corresponds to which of the following aspects of schistosomiasis?
Worm maturation and laying of eggs
