Practical Research 2 Flashcards
to ensure that the evidence obtained
enables you to effectively address the
research problem as unambiguously as
possible.
RESEARCH DESIGN
STEP BY STEP GUIDE IN MAKING RESEARCH
DESIGN
- Present- State the research design that
you’ve chosen for your research. - Define- Give the meaning of the research
design. Cite the reference of your data. - Justify- Defend the relevance and
appropriateness of your selected research
design.
- A design uses interviews, questionnaires, and
sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with
intense precision
. Descriptive Research
To establish and determine the effect of one
variable on the other and how it affects the
relationship between the two variables
aims to investigate the relationship between
two variables
Correlational Research
- It shows how two subjects are similar or how
they are different
Comparative Research
- used to investigate the interaction between
independent and dependent variables
Experimental Research
choosing of respondents based on pure
chance
Simple Random Sampling
selecting respondents in clusters, rather than
in separate individuals
. Cluster Sampling
- picking out from the list every 5th or every 8th
member listed in the sampling frame
Systematic Sampling
choosing a sample that will later on be
subdivided into strata, sub-groups
Stratified Sampling
choosing respondents whom you have
judged with good background knowledge or
about the research
. Purposive Sampling
is the generic term that researchers use
for measurement device like survey, test,
questionnaire, and many others.
Research Instrument
It is the process of developing, testing,
and using devices
Instrumentation
consists of a list of items or criteria that need
to be checked or marked based on specific
criteria or observations
Checklist
- designed to collect data by presenting a
series of questions to participants in a written or
electronic format
Questionnaire
It is the extent to which an instrument
measures what it is intended to measure
Validity
GUIDELINES IN DEVELOPING AN INSTRUMENT
- The instrument must be suitable for its
function - The instrument must be based on your
statement of the problem. - The instrument should be valid and reliable.
it is the systematic gathering and
measurement of information from
relevant sources to address a research
problem.
an action that the researcher will do to
obtain appropriate data
Data Collection
- It is a data collection method involves
tracking of changes during a specified time
period
Observation
- It is a tool for data collection
- A method that is efficient to collect data
from a large number of samples.
Questionnaire
consists of a list of items or criteria that need
to be checked or marked based on specific
criteria or observations
Checklist
- This is the average of a
set of data
Standard Deviation-
Significant difference between the
means of two comparing groups.
if your sample in each comparing
groups are more than 30
Z-tests
Used to determine if there is a
significant difference between the means of
within group or two groups
Used when your two groups of participants
are both less than 30.
T-tests
Means of three or more
independent (unrelated) groups. One
independent variable
ANOVA
It is assigns meaning to the data and
arrives at a relevant conclusion
- Drawing informed conclusion
Data interpretation
Data Presentation Process
- Uses tables that summarize statistical
information - Report whether the hypothesis test was
significant or not - Discuss how the result is either confirmed or
unconfirmed prior studie
- a graph that uses a line to represent data
- shows ascending, descending or continuous
change or trend
Line Graph
used to depict trends and distribution of data
Scatterplots
Charts displaying frequencies
Pie Charts
are ideas or concepts based from the
findings and results established from the
problem and subproblems investigated
Conclusions
GUIDELINES IN WRITING CONCLUSIONS
- The researcher needs to draw conclusions
based on results and findings of the study. - Use the research questions as a guide
- Include only necessary items means make
your conclusion precise and concise.
Present the actual SOP and then
immediately present the finding of your
study
Summary of findings
- Should be based on the conclusion of
the study - Use “May’ instead of “must” or “should
Recommendations
