prac class Flashcards
anterior
towards or at the front of the body
posterior
towards or at the back of the body
superior
above
inferior
below
proximal
closer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal
further from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
medial
nearer to the bodys longitude midline
lateral
further from the bodys longitude mideline
transverse plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
frontal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior proportions
parasagittal plane
a vertical plane that does not pass trough the midline of the body and divides the body into unequal left and right portions
oblique section
a diagonal plane that divides the body on an angle
supine
turing backward
prone
turning forward
superficial
located close to or on the body surface
deep
closer to the core of the body
whats the function of body cavities
- protect delicate organs eg Brian
- allows organs to change shape and size eg lungs when breathing
label the cavities on the body
picuture
whats located in the pleural cavity
lungs
whats located in the pericardial cavity
heart
whats located in the abdominal cavity
stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys and intestines
whats located in the pelvic cavity
bladder and internal reproductive organs
label the body regions of the body
picture
whats the anatomical postition
the body is erect, facing forwards the hands are at the sides with palms facing forwards
whats the four abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant
whats the nine abdominopelvic quadrants
right hypochondriac region epigatic region left hypochondriac region right lumbar region umbilical region left lumbar region right illac region hypogastric (pubic) region left iliac region
flexation
bending movement that reduces the angle at the joint eg bending the knee from a straight to angled position
extension
reverse reflection eg straightening your arm
abduction
movement of bone away from the midline eg raising an arm to the side. also used to describe spreading fingers or toes
adduction
reverse of abduction eg moving arm closer to midline of the body
circumduction
eg stretching arm out straight and making a circular movement form the shoulder
rotation
turing the bone along its axis eg turning head
protraction
moving the head forwards
retraction
moving the head backwards
elevation
moving the head up, chewing or raising shoulders
depression
moving head down, chewing or shrugging shoulders
isotonic
when the extra cellurlar and intracellular fluid had the same solute concentration
hypotonic solution
when the solution has a lower solute concentration Thant the extracellular fluid
hypertonic solution
when the solution has a higher solute concentration than the extracellular fluid
whats the contents of blood in percentages and order
plasma 55%
Buffy coat <1% (leukocytes and platelets)
erythrocytes 45%
what low amount of red blood cells mean
amnemia
whats high amount of red blood cells
mean polycythemia therefore blood flow slower due to thicker blood
whats a haematoctiy
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
what happens to red blood cells in hypertonic soluaitons
crenate (shrivelled)
what happens to red blood cells in hypotonic soluations
lyse (swell and burst)
whats the white matter contain of the cerebrum
mylinated axon bundled together known as tracts
what does the gray matter contain of the cerebrum
cell bodies bunndeled together to make nucli
how to remember 12 cranial nerves
On I olfactory Occasion II optic Our III oculomotor Trusty IV trochlear Truck V trigeminal Acts VI abducens Funny VII facial Very VII vestibular cochlear Good IX glossopharyngeal Vehicle X vagus Any XI accessory How XII hypoglossal
how to remember is the cranial is a sensory, motor or both nerve
Some Say MArry Money But My Brother Says Big Brians Mater More B= both sensory and motor M= motor S=sensory
what does the cranial nerve I do
Olfactory= carries sensory information for smell
what deco cranial nerve II do
optic= carries sensory information for sight
what does cranial nerve III do
oculomotor= movement of eyeball and pupil response
cranial nerve IV
trochlear= movement of eyeball
cranial nerve V
trigeminal= pain, temperature and touch for face, movement involved in chewing
cranial nerve VI
abducens= movement of eyeball
cranial nerve VII
facial= taste and facial expressions
crania nerve VIII
vestibulocholear=sensory info for hearing and balance
cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal= sensory for tast and motor movements for swallowing, speach and salivaiton
cranial nerve X
vagus= sensory for tast, proprioception, mood pressure.
motor for swallowing, breathing, cardiac function and digestive activities
cranial ver XI
acessory= motor movement for head, neck and shoulder
cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal= motor movement for tongue movements
which is the only cranial nerve that innervates structure outside the head and neck
X vagus nerve
label diagrams in book spinal cord
book
what stimulates release of insulin
pancreatic beta cells
elevated blood glucose
what stimulate release of glucagon
lower blood glucose levels
what are the main actions of glucagon
breaking down glucagon to glucose
synthesis of glucose from lactic acid
release of glucose to the blood by liver cells causing blood glucose to rise
whats diabetes type 1
lack of insuline
immune system destroy pancreas beta cells
multigene autoimmune repsonse
type 2 diabetes
produce insulin but their insulin receptors unable to response known as insulin resistance
whats diabetes insipidus
lack of antidiuretic
more thirst
whats gestational diabets
during pregancy
humanplactenal lactigen affects insulin receptor function
