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prac class Flashcards

1
Q

anterior

A

towards or at the front of the body

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2
Q

posterior

A

towards or at the back of the body

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3
Q

superior

A

above

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4
Q

inferior

A

below

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5
Q

proximal

A

closer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

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6
Q

distal

A

further from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

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7
Q

medial

A

nearer to the bodys longitude midline

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8
Q

lateral

A

further from the bodys longitude mideline

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9
Q

transverse plane

A

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

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10
Q

frontal plane

A

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior proportions

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11
Q

parasagittal plane

A

a vertical plane that does not pass trough the midline of the body and divides the body into unequal left and right portions

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12
Q

oblique section

A

a diagonal plane that divides the body on an angle

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13
Q

supine

A

turing backward

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14
Q

prone

A

turning forward

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15
Q

superficial

A

located close to or on the body surface

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16
Q

deep

A

closer to the core of the body

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17
Q

whats the function of body cavities

A
  • protect delicate organs eg Brian

- allows organs to change shape and size eg lungs when breathing

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18
Q

label the cavities on the body

A

picuture

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19
Q

whats located in the pleural cavity

A

lungs

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20
Q

whats located in the pericardial cavity

A

heart

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21
Q

whats located in the abdominal cavity

A

stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys and intestines

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22
Q

whats located in the pelvic cavity

A

bladder and internal reproductive organs

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23
Q

label the body regions of the body

A

picture

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24
Q

whats the anatomical postition

A

the body is erect, facing forwards the hands are at the sides with palms facing forwards

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25
Q

whats the four abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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26
Q

whats the nine abdominopelvic quadrants

A 
right hypochondriac region
epigatic region
left hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
umbilical region
left lumbar region
right illac region
hypogastric (pubic) region
left iliac region
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27
Q

flexation

A

bending movement that reduces the angle at the joint eg bending the knee from a straight to angled position

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28
Q

extension

A

reverse reflection eg straightening your arm

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29
Q

abduction

A

movement of bone away from the midline eg raising an arm to the side. also used to describe spreading fingers or toes

30
Q

adduction

A

reverse of abduction eg moving arm closer to midline of the body

31
Q

circumduction

A

eg stretching arm out straight and making a circular movement form the shoulder

32
Q

rotation

A

turing the bone along its axis eg turning head

33
Q

protraction

A

moving the head forwards

34
Q

retraction

A

moving the head backwards

35
Q

elevation

A

moving the head up, chewing or raising shoulders

36
Q

depression

A

moving head down, chewing or shrugging shoulders

37
Q

isotonic

A

when the extra cellurlar and intracellular fluid had the same solute concentration

38
Q

hypotonic solution

A

when the solution has a lower solute concentration Thant the extracellular fluid

39
Q

hypertonic solution

A

when the solution has a higher solute concentration than the extracellular fluid

40
Q

whats the contents of blood in percentages and order

A

plasma 55%
Buffy coat <1% (leukocytes and platelets)
erythrocytes 45%

41
Q

what low amount of red blood cells mean

A

amnemia

42
Q

whats high amount of red blood cells

A

mean polycythemia therefore blood flow slower due to thicker blood

43
Q

whats a haematoctiy

A

erythrocytes (red blood cells)

44
Q

what happens to red blood cells in hypertonic soluaitons

A

crenate (shrivelled)

45
Q

what happens to red blood cells in hypotonic soluations

A

lyse (swell and burst)

46
Q

whats the white matter contain of the cerebrum

A

mylinated axon bundled together known as tracts

47
Q

what does the gray matter contain of the cerebrum

A

cell bodies bunndeled together to make nucli

48
Q

how to remember 12 cranial nerves

A 
On I olfactory
Occasion II optic
Our III oculomotor
Trusty IV trochlear
Truck V trigeminal
Acts VI abducens
Funny VII facial
Very VII vestibular cochlear
Good IX glossopharyngeal 
Vehicle X vagus
Any XI accessory
How XII hypoglossal
49
Q

how to remember is the cranial is a sensory, motor or both nerve

A 
Some
Say 
MArry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Brians
Mater
More
B= both sensory and motor
M= motor
S=sensory
50
Q

what does the cranial nerve I do

A

Olfactory= carries sensory information for smell

51
Q

what deco cranial nerve II do

A

optic= carries sensory information for sight

52
Q

what does cranial nerve III do

A

oculomotor= movement of eyeball and pupil response

53
Q

cranial nerve IV

A

trochlear= movement of eyeball

54
Q

cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal= pain, temperature and touch for face, movement involved in chewing

55
Q

cranial nerve VI

A

abducens= movement of eyeball

56
Q

cranial nerve VII

A

facial= taste and facial expressions

57
Q

crania nerve VIII

A

vestibulocholear=sensory info for hearing and balance

58
Q

cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal= sensory for tast and motor movements for swallowing, speach and salivaiton

59
Q

cranial nerve X

A

vagus= sensory for tast, proprioception, mood pressure.

motor for swallowing, breathing, cardiac function and digestive activities

60
Q

cranial ver XI

A

acessory= motor movement for head, neck and shoulder

61
Q

cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal= motor movement for tongue movements

62
Q

which is the only cranial nerve that innervates structure outside the head and neck

A

X vagus nerve

63
Q

label diagrams in book spinal cord

A

book

64
Q

what stimulates release of insulin

A

pancreatic beta cells

elevated blood glucose

65
Q

what stimulate release of glucagon

A

lower blood glucose levels

66
Q

what are the main actions of glucagon

A

breaking down glucagon to glucose
synthesis of glucose from lactic acid
release of glucose to the blood by liver cells causing blood glucose to rise

67
Q

whats diabetes type 1

A

lack of insuline
immune system destroy pancreas beta cells
multigene autoimmune repsonse

68
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

produce insulin but their insulin receptors unable to response known as insulin resistance

69
Q

whats diabetes insipidus

A

lack of antidiuretic

more thirst

70
Q

whats gestational diabets

A

during pregancy

humanplactenal lactigen affects insulin receptor function

BMA (10 decks)

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