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Question 1

It is a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions
about the presumed relations among natural phenomena

Answer 1

research

Question 2

systematic or step by step investigation of observable phenomena by gathering quantifiable data (numbers) and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques

Answer 2

quantitative research

Question 3

purpose of quantitative research

Answer 3

test of hypothesis
look at cause and effect
make predictions
To seek common, representative features

Question 4

characteristics of quantitative research

Answer 4

replicability, empirical, objective, controlled, analytical, logical/systematic, critical, cyclical

Question 5

strengths of quantitative research

Answer 5

can be replicated
results generalizes the population
establishes causality
make predictions based on quantifiable data
low degree of subjectivity
validity and reliability can be measured

Question 6

weaknesses of quantitative research

Answer 6

1. does not provide in depth explanation of complex phenomenon
2. It lacks the ability to provide a comprehensive textual description of human experiences
3. Numerical data may be insufficient in analyzing intangible factors
4. It has less flexibility in terms of study design
5. Responses of participants are strictly limited to what has been asked
6. Self-reported data may not be very accurate as respondents may have the tendency to underestimate or overestimate their skills and behavior

Question 7

kinds of quantitative research

Answer 7

survey
descriptive
correlational
ex post facto
quasi experimental
experimental

Question 8

most fundamental research tool
It is important that the people questioned are sampled at random.
This allows for more accurate findings across a greater spectrum of
respondents

Answer 8

survey research

Question 9

Used to determine the extent or direction of attitudes or behaviors
Gathers more information on certain characteristics within a particular field of study

Answer 9

descriptive research

Question 10

To determine the nature of relationship between variables without looking into the cause
Used to investigate the direction and magnitude of relationships among variables in a particular population

Answer 10

correlational research

Question 11

Mainly depends on the factor of comparison
The independent variable is established but not manipulated and its
impact on the dependent variable is observed

Answer 11

ex post facto research

Question 12

Respondents are not randomly assigned; Intact
(established) groups are used

Answer 12

quasi experimental research

Question 13

Also known as true experimentation, this research method is
reliant on a theory/ies
Analysis is done around proving or disproving the statement. This research method is used in natural sciences

Answer 13

experimental research

Question 14

Any element or entity which can be measured for quantity or quality

Answer 14

variable

Question 15

two types of quantitative variable

Answer 15

discrete and continuous

Question 16

variables can be counted; denoted by positive whole numbers and not
described in ranges

Answer 16

discrete

Question 17

variables measured in ranges; can be denoted by non-whole numbers; can have positive or negative values; can be expressed in fractions

Answer 17

continuous

Question 18

two subtypes of continuous variables

Answer 18

interval and ratio

Question 19

other name for qualitative variables

Answer 19

categorical variable

Question 20

three types of qualitative variables

Answer 20

Dichotomous(binary) variables
Nominal variables
ordinal variables

Question 21

levels of measurement

Answer 21

Nominal Scale
Ordinal Scale
Interval Scale
Ratio Scale

Question 22

level of measurement that denotes qualitative attributes of the variables

Answer 22

nominal scale

Question 23

level of measurement that refers to the order or rank of a measurement

Answer 23

ordinal scale

Question 24

level of measurement where numerical scales in which the exact difference between two values is
known

Answer 24

interval scale

Question 25

level of measurement that has the properties of nominal, ordinal, and interval scales. It also possesses a true zero scale

Answer 25

ratio scale

Question 26

This is a secondary or special type of independent variable chosen by the researcher to determine if it changes or modifies the relationship between
the independent and dependent variables

Answer 26

moderator variable

Question 27

This is the variable that is controlled by the investigator in which the
effects can be neutralized by eliminating or removing the variable

Answer 27

control variable

Question 28

This is a variable which interferes with the independent and dependent variables, but its effects can either strengthen or weaken the independent and dependent variables

Answer 28

intervening variable

Question 29

It is not categorized as IV or DV in a study. It is the undesired variable that can influence the results of an experiment

Answer 29

extraneous variable

Question 30

It is a special type of extraneous variable that the researcher fails to control and threatens the validity of an experiment’s procedure

Answer 30

confounding variable