bio Flashcards
The artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms.
genetic engineering
nitrogenous base pairing of DNA
Adenine-Thymine
Guanine-Cytosine
father of genetic engineering
Paul Berg
He made significant contributions to the field of molecular biology and genetic engineering. His major achievements
include: Recombinant DNA Technology, Gene splicing and in
the field of Biochemical research
Paul Berg
infected mouse embryos
with SV40 virus and
showed that the viral DNA
was integrated in the germ line in 1974
Rudolph Jaenisch
and Beatrice Mintz
where did SV40 virus originate from
monkeys
first genetically modified animal
mouse
first transgenic plant
tobacco
worked on the first transgenic plant in the 1980s
Richard B. Flavell, Mary-Dell Chilton, and Elliot Meyerowitz
a company that successfully produced synthetic human insulin using recombinant
DNA technology in 1978
Genentech
a biotechnology company that developed Flavr Savr
Calgene
first commercially available transgenic plant
Flavr Savr Tomato
techniques in genetic engineering
Introduction of new traits into an organism.
Enhancement of a present trait by disrupting the inhibition of desired gene’s
expression
Enhancement of a present trait by increasing the expression of the desired
gene
tools used in genetic engineering
Restriction Endonuclease (RE)
Gene Library
Vector
Host Cells
refer to the various methods and technologies used to
introduce foreign genetic
material (DNA or RNA)
into cells,
gene transfer method
gene transfer methods in prokaryotes
transfromation
transduction
gene transfer methods in eukaryotes
electroporation
transfection
biolistics “gene gun”
microinjection
Plants that have been
genetically engineered
transgenic plant
A genetically manipulated animal whose genome has been altered by the
transfer of a gene
transgenic animal
A protein produced by bacteria that
cleaves DNA at specific sites along
the molecule
restriction endonuclease (RE)
is a collection of gene clones that represents the genetic material of an organism
gene library
play a crucial role in genetic engineering by serving as carriers for the
transfer of genetic
material
vector
is a living cell, typically a microorganism or a eukaryotic cell, that is used to carry and
replicate foreign
genetic material
introduced
host cell
It refers to the process of
introducing foreign genetic material, often in
the form of DNA, into an
organism’s cells in order
to alter its genetic
makeup.
transformation
A process by which
DNA is transferred
from one bacterium
to another by a
virus
transduction
It refers to the use
of high-voltage
electric shocks to
introduce DNA into
cells
electroporation
is a process by which
foreign nucleic
acids are delivered
into a eukaryotic
cell to modify the
host cell’s genetic
makeup
transfection
It is a device used to transfect cells with foreign DNA by bombarding the target cells with DNA-coated microparticles
biolistics “gene gun”
is a method that allows DNA to literally be directly injected into the nucleus of a cell
microinjection
commercially available insulin
humulin
termed as bacteria division
binary fission
pros of genetic engineering
improved crop yield
disease resistant
medical advances
research tool
environmental benefits
cons of genetic engineering
ethical concern
fertility
tumor, cancer
mortality
a field within the applied ethics that explores the ethical, moral and philosophical issues related to biology
bioethics
is a plant, animal or microbe in which one or
more changes have been made to the genome
GMO
purpose as to why plants are modified
Herbicide Resistant
Pesticide Resistant
Insect Resistant
Drought tolerant
Extreme temperature tolerant
Have added nutrients, such as vitamins and
minerals
how are herbicide plants accomplished
inserting gene 5’-enolpyruvylshekimate-3’
phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
how are insecticide plants accomplished
identifying and isolating a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a toxin
called Cry
how is the biosynthesis of beta-carotene accomplished
inserting phytoene
synthase (psy) from daffodils and phytoene desaturase gene from the bacteria Erwinia uredovorainto
applications of GMO animals
Biomedical Research
Agriculture
Conservation
Biotechnology and Industry
Scientific Research
Drug Testing
applications of GMO microbes
Biotechnology and Industry
Medicine
Environmental Remediation
Agriculture
Biocontrol and Pest Management
amino acid that can be used as a plant growth regulator
glyphosate
