pprelim and midterm in r4dc0n Flashcards
Two terms that summarize the major functions of the
digestive tract.
. Digestion: Absorption
Involuntary muscle action that propels swallowed
food along the GIT.
Peristalsis
t or f. The stomach is where most of nutrient absorption
occurs.
False
The structure that separates the sublingual that
separates the sublingual and submandibular salivary
glands
Stylohyoid muscle
Salivary gland that is most frequent site of neoplasm
among others.
Parotid
In sialography, which is NOT true for the
submentovertical position?
It is used to capture a
lateral projection of the area of concern
Which of the following are technically not part of the
GIT.
liver
Contrast media for sialography
Lipiodol F
T OR F. In nasopharyngography, the patient is instructed to
swallow while CM is being instilled to promote even
spreading of the liquid CM.
F
T OR F. The passage of solids and liquids in the esophagus
results to aspiration (pagkasamid).
F
In sialography, what is the general term used to refer
to substances that induce salivary, sometimes used to
make duct orifices visible?
Sialogogue
T OR F Two (2) mL of Aqueous Dionosil is usually enough
for CM examinations in the nasopharynx.
F
t or f. The Eustachian tubes can be studied using
nasopharyngography.
T
T OR F. The larynx is anterior to the laryngopharynx, but the
oropharynx is generally superior to the larynx.
T
T OR F. The esophagus connects the pharynx to the
stomach.
T
The Valsava maneuver is an action performed by
the patient for laryngographic techniques. The
maneuver is characterized by ___ in the ___.
Forceful
effort: chest and belly
Dionosil is dripped slowly using pharyngeal syringe
over the back of the tongue during inspiration. This is
procedure for:
bronchography
It is commonly known as the “voice box”
Larynx
In esophagography , the starving time for infants is
__ hours.
2-3
Which of the following require topical anaesthetic in
its preparation?
Laryngography
The esophagus has how many sphincters?
2
Following surgery, a patient reports pain in the
chest area and difficulty swallowing. It is believed that
esophageal perforation resulted from the surgery.
Which of the following is true?
Esophagography should
not be performed as CM would leak into body cavities
A patient is experiencing dysphagia and the doctor
wants to see if the esophagus is compressed
extrinsically. Which of the following is the more
appropriate method?
Single Contrast Study
T OR F. The entire esophagus usually spans from the 6th
thoracic vertebra (5-6 inches).
T
You are asked to prepare 5 oz. of thick barium
solution for mucosal esophagography. What preparation will you most likely make?
4 oz, BaSO4, 1
oz. Water
In the Trendelenburg position , fluids in the
patient’s body (including CM) would tend to go:
Superior
There are 2 phases n studying the esophagus. Which
one is used to approximate the length of the
esophagus?
Filling Phase
T OR F. Barium sulfate was introduced by Bachem and
Gunther in 1896.
F
T OR F. Barium and Iodine preparations are the most
common positive contrast media due to their high
atomic numbers of 57 and 52 respectively.
F
T OR F. Contrast agents are pharmaceuticals that increase
the information content of diagnostic image.
T
T OR . Positive contrast media are substances having a
higher atomic number that surrounding tissues and
usually appear radiolucent (dark) in the radiograph.
F
T OR F. Iodine-based contrast media are usually classified as
either ionic or non-ionic.
T
T OR F. Vials are made of glass with constricted neck by a
colored ring that snaps off to open it.
F
T OR F. Telebrix is an example of an ionic contrast medium.
F
T OR F. Barium sulfate can be prepared as a stable
suspension.
T
A radiographic method of demonstrating certain
anatomical features with instillation of a substance to
produce structural contrast.
Radiologic Contrast
Examination
This modification overcomes the problem of
demonstrating pylorus and the bulb for pancreatic pathology e.g. mass,
cancer, pancreatitis.
Poppel’s
Most commonly used negative contrast agent.
Room air
Most important variable of a barium suspension
that is expressed in weight per volume (wt./vol).
Concentration
Which of the following does not use 14x17 film?
One hour delayed film
T OR F. Ionic contrast media that have lower osmolarity tend
to have less side-effects.
F
T OR F. The higher the viscosity of the solution, the longer it
will take for the contrast media to be diluted by blood
to diagnostically useful concentrations.
T
It is a measure of the fluidity of a solution, or how
easily it flows
Viscosity
Using a small amount of positive contrast medium
to coat the mucosal surface of a hollow organ followed
by distention with air.
Double Contrast Studies
this refers to shear stress with different rates of
BaSO4 coated on bowel lumen.
Thixotropy
CM that has lower osmolarity and tend to have less
side-effects.
Non-ionic Contrast Media
Most commonly-used positive CM in
Gastrointestinal tract.
Barium Sulfate
With what position is the scout film performed?
AP Recumbent
A pharmacist who introduced Barium sulfate in
1896.
Fritz Munk
Single or multi-dose glass container with a rubber
seal at the top containing liquid or powder forms of a
drug.
Vials
Consider the following:
I. The projection used for the FILLING of the
fundus is Right Lateral
II. For a DOUBLE CONTRAST STUDY of the
fundus use LAO/RPO
I and ii are both true
What position is the mucosal phase of the stomach
taken in?
PA Recumbent
In a practical simulation exam, how will you orient
the patient in order to achieve the position that ensures
that the bulb of the stomach and vertebra will NOT be
overlapping in the X-Ray view?
Elevate right side of the
body while supine
What position should you take the one hour-delayed
film in?
Supine
Film used to determine how much the barium has
emptied/remained in the stomach.
One-hour Delayed
Film
This modification overcomes the problem of
demonstrating pylorus and the bulb for hypersthenic
patients
Gordon’s
This projection offers the best depiction of the
pyloru-bulbar area: filling of pylorus, bulb and the
duodenum.
R Lateral
What projection is the esophagus part of UGIS
performed in?
LAO/RPO Upright
20 DEGREES
14. Which modification is described by the illustration?
Gugliantinni’s
Special radiographic examination performed with full
supervision of the surgeon-in-charge.
Barium enema
reduction of intussusception
Which of the following aspecs are DIFFERENT for
Gordon’s modification and Gugliantini’s modification
(Choose TWO)
Tube angulation and Body
proportion/age of patient (Adult/Infant)
One of the patients you will meet today for colon
examination has been known to be currently suffering
appendicitis. What is the correct thing to realize?
Determine/evaluate first the severity of the condition
(acute or not), and decide accordingly
The height of an enema relative to the patients’ body
when inserting a catheter.
2 ft
Reference point for a Barium Enema.
Mid-iliac spine
It is the surgical opening in the colon serving some or
all of the function of anus.
Colostomy
If you were asked to prepare 50 mL of barium milk
for an infant’s UGIS, what composition should you
prepare?
25 mL milk, 25 mL barium
Right colic flexure is also called.
Hepatic flexure
In Barium enema procedure, the barium travels
towards the _____ side/aspect of the body before
passing the splenic flexure. After passing the splenic
flexure, the barium is travelling towards the ____
side/aspect of the body.
Superior/right
The Butterfly positions in the Filling Phase of
overhead procedure in Barium Enema involves what
two projections?
LPO, AP Axial Oblique
In Sim’s position, the body of the patient is
positioned.
Lying on the side
Which important modification in Barium enema
demonstrates a direct lateral view of rectosigmoid with
overlapping it?
Robin’s
In barium enema, which of the following is an
advantage of fluoroscopy.
. To be able to regulate the
flow of barium
Example of laxative used to evacuate the intestinal
contents.
Bisacodyl tablets
In Fletcher’s modification, central ray (CR) is
directed to the body at what angle?
30-35, cranially
This is done to know how much barium is retained in
the colon.
Post evacuation film
Which one is not a variation of the colon?
Redundant ileum
As a precaution to an actively bleeding colon, which
of the following must be followed.
None of the above
Which Barium enema MODIFICATION is emplyoed
where patient is instructed to sit well back on the table, lean directly and stabilize his position by grasping his
ankle with his hands?
Chassard-LaPine’s
In barium enema, the position of the patient in
Robin’s modification is.
Left lateral
Most proximal part of the small intestine.
Duodenum
. In Barium Enema contraindications, which of the
following is true?
If colonoscopy follows the
examination , use gastrografin instead of barium
Which is a requirement for a post-evacuation film?
The patient expelling most barium but retaining some
T OR F. Intussusceptions are more frequent in children than
in adults.
T
The structure that is the most distinct feature of the
cecum
Appendix
Approximate length of the rectum.
4.5 inches
In Barium enema using fluoroscopy, certain
important “events” best signal the taking of film
exposures; that is, the projections are done after certain
important “times” have occurred. What are these
“events”/”times”?
Filling of “corners” such as hepatic
flexure, sigmoid colon, etc.
Which of the following is true:
To ensure that the small intestine is empty
during examination, the patient should be
instructed to:
Have light supper the night before the examination and take purgatives before bedtime
Your instructor asked if you remember the position of
the patient before you left., you should be able to guess
the position the patient is lying on from your knowledge
of SIS using fluoroscopy. What is this position?
Lying on
his right
What are the difference/s between Billing’s and
Oppenheimer’s modification?
Tube angulation,
Reference point
One of the reason the supine position is
recommended in Small Intestinal Series is for the good
demonstration of the “C-loop”. Which part is being
referenced?
Duodenum
In SIS, the patient has been given a mixture of barium
and gas-producing tablets for double contrast study.
How many tablets should the patient ingest for said
examination?
40
What was the patient injected with and was it for?
Anticholinergic drug; In order to relax the muscles of
the GIT
What must have happened at around the radiologist
to end the waiting period and inject the patient?
She must have seen I the display that the duodenal loop has
been sufficiently coated
It is a radiographic examination of the nasopharynx
following instillation of contrast medium to investigate
carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, etc.
Nasopharyngography
Even though you cannot confirm for yourself because
you left, at what time do you suppose the patient was
instructed to start doing the various positions for the
projections (AP, LAO, RPO, etc.)?
Around 2:45 pm
Reference point of the AP Projection in conventional
SIS.
. 2-3 inches above iliac crest
Salivary duct of the submandibular glands.
Wharton’s
Duct
This examination is used to demonstrate the whole of
the small bowel from the duodenojejunal flexure to the
ileocecal valve using 60 to 500 mL BaSO4 suspension.
Small Intestinal Series
It is forced expiration against a closed glottis after the
patient has taken a deep breath.
Valsava’s maneuver
Entire length of esophagus.
8-10 inches
Largest of the salivary glands that extend from
zygoma to the angle of mandible.
Parotid
Reference point for any of the projections in
esophagography or barium swallow.
T6
. Contrast medium for laryngography.
Dionosil
Disorders of unknown cause of lacrimal and salivary
glands leading to the drying of eyes and mouth.
Xerostomia
It is a condition wherein there is a abnormal
relaxation of gastro-esophageal junction.
Chalasia
The best projection to demonstrate the entire length
of the esophagus free from superimposition from the
vertebral column.
Right Anterior Oblique
Contrast medium used in Sialography.
Lipiodol ‘F
