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1
Q

Its function is to connect the upper limb to the trunk.

A

Shoulder Girdle

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2
Q

Rotation in AP projection of the shoulder that places the epicondyles at 45-degree angle to the plane of the film.

A

neutral Rotation

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3
Q

The position of the shoulder introduced by Lawrence that project the proximal humerus within the shadow of the thorax

A

transthoracic lateral

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4
Q

A wedge-shaped compression fracture of the articular surface of the humeral head

A

hill sachs compression

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5
Q

What method is used to demonstrate separation of the acromioclavicular joints utilizing 2 exposures with weight and non-weight?

A

Pearson method

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6
Q

What rotation in AP projection of the shoulder places the humerus in true lateral position?

A

internal Rotation

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7
Q

What method is used to project the acromioclavicular joint above the acromion?

A

AP axial projection alexander method

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8
Q

What part of the scapula is evaluated if the arm is extended upward or placed across the upper chest by grasping the opposite shoulder in lateral projection?

A

body of scapula

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9
Q

What position of the clavicle is utilized if the patient lean back in a position of extreme lordosis with the neck and shoulder resting against the vertical grid device?

A

AP axial projection lordotic position

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10
Q

What method in Infero-superior axial projection is utilizing a dual angulation of 25 degrees

A

inferosuperior axial projection westpoint method

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11
Q

anteriorly from the horizontal and 25 degrees medially?

A

inferosuperior axial projection westpoint method

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12
Q

What is the best position to demonstrate the clavicle in great detail with no magnification?

A

Postero-anterior

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13
Q

Projection useful in the evaluation of suspected shoulder dislocations.

A

Scapular Y PA oblique (RAO/LAO position)

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14
Q

Reference point in AP projection of the shoulder

A

1inch inferior to the coracoid process

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15
Q

What joint articulates with manubrium and 1st rib cartilage?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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16
Q

It forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle.

A

scapula

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17
Q

What rotation of the shoulder demonstrates the humeral head in profile?

A

ap projection external rotation

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18
Q

An infero-superior axial projection that required an exaggerated external rotation of the arm

A

rafert modification

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19
Q

What central ray is utilized in AP Axial projection Lordotic position if the patient is in supine?

A

15-30deg

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20
Q

What body rotation is required for an AP Oblique Projection of the scapula using the moderate oblique position?

A

Rotate to affected side 15-25deg

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21
Q

Projection of the wrist that corrects
foreshortening of the scaphoid.

A

PA Ulnar Deviation

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22
Q

Projection that demonstrates anterior and
posterior displacement in fractures of the
metacarpals.

A

Lateral in flexion

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23
Q

Projection of the elbow that demonstrate
the coronoid process free from
superimposition.

A

Ap oblique medial rotation

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24
Q

Projection of the humerus that places the
epicondyles perpendicular to the film.

A

lateral projection

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25
Q

What structure is best demonstrated in
AP oblique lateral rotation of the elbow?

A

Radial head

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26
Q

Reference point for PA projection of the
hand

A

3rd Metacarpophalangeal joint

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27
Q

Projection of the hand used to evaluate
early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Ap oblique Norgaard Method

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28
Q

Central Ray for infero-superior axial
projection of the carpal canal.

A

25-30 degrees

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29
Q

Projection of the wrist that demonstrate a
slight oblique image of the ulna.

A

PA projection

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30
Q

.Position of the wrist that demonstrates
the scaphoid at right angle to the central
ray.

A

Pa axial Stecher

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31
Q

These bones made up the wrist joints.

A

Radius and 2 carpal bones

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32
Q

Best projection of the hand to localize
foreign body.

A

Lateral projection

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33
Q

Reference point for Lateral projection of
the hand.

A

2nd metacarpophalengeal joint

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34
Q

Best projection of the wrist that
demonstrates a better image of carpal
interspaces.

A

Ap projection

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35
Q

Projection of the wrist that separates the
pisiform from the adjacent carpals?

A

Ap oblique projection medial rotation

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36
Q

What method of the wrist is performed
when a routine radiograph of the wrist do
not identify fracture?

A

Rafert long ulnar deviation

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37
Q

Reference point for tangential
infero-superior projection of the carpal
canal.

A

1” distal to 3rd metacarpo base

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38
Q

Which carpal bones are
superimposed if we do not rotate the hand
towards the radial in infero-superior axial
projection of the carpal canal?

A

Hamate
- Pisiform

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39
Q

Which coronal plane is parallel to the
plane of the film in AP projection of the
humerus?

A

Epicondyles

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40
Q

What projection of the elbow requires
that anterior surface of the elbow forms 45
degre angle to the plane of the film?

A

Ap oblique medial rotation

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41
Q

Which projection of the elbow
demonstrate the olecranon process within
the olecranon

A

Ap oblique medial rotation

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42
Q

Which projection is performed when the
elbow cannot be extended for an AP projection

A

Ap partial flexion

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43
Q

What structure is seen in profile without
superimposition in Tangential projection Gay
method for carpal canal?

A

Pisiform

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44
Q

Reference point for AP projection acute
flexion of the distal humerus.

A

-2’ superior to olecranon process

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45
Q

What bone is seen in profile according
to Griswold when you perform lateral project
elbow?

A

Olecranon process

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46
Q

Which projections superimposes the
bones of the arm and forearm?

A

Ap/Pa acute flexion

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47
Q

Reference point for PA projection acute
flexion of the proximal forearm

A

2’ distal to olecranon process

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48
Q

Which projection of the elbow
demonstrate the entire circumference of the
radial

A

Lateromedial Rotation

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49
Q

Reference point for projection of the 1st
digit.

A

Metacarpophalengeal Joint

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50
Q

The only metatarsal with a tuberosity

A

5TH METATARSAL

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51
Q

What projection of the patella demonstrate transverse fracture

A

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION SETTEGAST METHOD

52
Q

How many degrees medial rotation of the feet and lower limb is needed to place the femoral neck parallel to the plane of the IR in AP Projection of the pelvis and upper femora

A

15-20 DEGREES

53
Q

What is the reference point for tangential projection Lewis method of the sesamoid bone

A

1ST METATARSO-PHALANGEAL JOINT

54
Q

What is the reference point for AP Projections of the pelvis for demonstration of the femoral head to the acetabulum in patient with congenital dislocation of the hip?

A

SYMPHYSIS PUBIS

55
Q

Reference point in AP projection Alexander method for acromio-clavicular joint

A

CORACOID PROCESS

56
Q

For patient with new or unhealed fracture of the knee, what is the flexion required for lateral projection of the knee?

A

NOT MORE THAN 10DEGREE

57
Q

Position that demonstrate the degree of adduction of the forefoot and degree of inversion of the calcaneus for patient with congenital clubfoot

A

AP an lateral PROJECTION

58
Q

Patient in upright facing the vertical grid device, center IR to knee joint, patient flexed the knee to place the femural 45 degree angle to the plane of the film, CR 12degrees caudal to knee joint, what is the method?

A

WEIGHT BEARING

59
Q

A wedge-shape compression fracture of the shoulder can be demonstrated by performing

A

INFERO-SUPERIOR AXIAL PROJECTION RAFERT MODIFICATION

60
Q

Method that projects the acromio-clavicular joint above the acromion

A

ap axial projection ALEXANDER METHOD

61
Q

What part of the scapula is demonstrated if the affected arm is extended upward with the forearm resting on the head?

A

SCAPULAR SPINE

62
Q

What structure of the shoulder girdle is evaluated by Pearson Method?

A

ACROMIO-CLAVICULAR JOINT

63
Q

Projection of the shoulder that places the proximal humerus in true lateral position

A

AP PROJECTION EXTERNAL ROTATION

64
Q

What method in projection of the shoulder is using dual angulation of the CR?

A

INFERO-SUPERIOR AXIAL PROJECTION- WESTPOINT METHOD

65
Q

What part of the shoulder is showing bony abnormalities using West Point Method?

A

ANTERIOR INFERIOR RIM OF THE GLENOID

66
Q

What is the reference point for infero-superior axial projection of the shoulder?

A

ACROMIO-CLAVICULAR JOINT

67
Q

Body rotation required for a steeper AP Oblique position of the scapula

A

25-35 DEGREES

68
Q

Other name for unciform

69
Q

Which of the ff projection of the wrist demonstrate a better image of the carpal interspaces

A

AP PROJECTION

70
Q

What method of the wrist is performed when a routine radiograph of the wrist do not identify a fracture?

A

PA/PA AXIAL PROJECTIONS - ULNAR DEVIATION RAFERT-LONG METHOD

71
Q

Which of the ff is the reference point for tangential infero-superior axial projection of the carpal canal?

A

1 INCH DISTAL TO THE BASE OF THE 3RD METACARPAL

72
Q

What projection for congenital clubfoot is used to demonstrate anterior talar subluxation and the degree of plantar flexion?

A

LATERAL PROJECTION-MEDIOLATERAL

73
Q

How many degree of body rotation is required for a lateral projection of the scapula?

A

45-60 DEGREES

74
Q

What projection of the pelvis is recommended to demonstrate “gull-wing-sign”

A

lateral projection

75
Q

In modified Cleaves method, how many degree abduction of the thigh is recommended to place the long axes of the femoral neck parallel to the plane of the film?

A

45 DEGREES

76
Q

What projection of the ilium demonstrate the ilium in profile and the femoral head within the acetabulum?

A

PA OBLIQUE PROJECTION

77
Q

What are the structures that can be demonstrated by PA Axial “Inlet” projection Staunig method?

A

PUBIC BONE, ISCHIAL BONE, & SYMPHYSIS PUBIS)

78
Q

What is the central ray for AP Axial “Outlet” Projection Taylor method of a male patient?

A

20-35 DEGREES CEPHALAD

79
Q

What structure is demonstrated in PA Axial Oblique Teufel method of the acetabulum?

A

FOVEA CAPITIS

80
Q

What method demonstrate an axio-lateral projection of the femoral heads, necks, and trochanteric areas?

A

ORIGINAL CLEAVES METHOD

81
Q

What projection of the pelvis and hips demonstrate the relationship of the femoral head, and acetabula, the pelvic bones, and any opacified structure within the pelvis?

A

AXIAL PROJECTION CHASSARD LAPINE METHOD

82
Q

Who recommended two AP Projections of the pelvis for demonstration of the femoral head to the acetabulum in patient with congenital dislocation of the hip?

A

MARTZ & TAYLOR

83
Q

What interspaces are demonstrated in AP Oblique lateral rotation of the foot?

A

1.BETWEEN 1ST & 2ND METATARSALS

3. BETWEEN MEDIAL AND 	INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM
84
Q

What method for congenital clubfoot demonstrate the anatomy of the foot and bones or ossification centers of the tarsals and their relation to one another

A

KITE METHOD

85
Q

What is the approx. location of the knee joint?

A

BELOW THE PATELLAR APEX

86
Q

Projection of the ankle used to demonstrate presence of ligamentous tear?

A

ap projection stress studies

87
Q

What is the central ray for AP Projection of the knee joints if the distance of the ASIS from the table top is greater than 24cm?

A

3-5 DEGREES CEPHALIC

88
Q

What rotation of the heel is required to place the patella parallel to the plane of the film in PA Projection

A

5-10 degrees LATERALLY

89
Q

What method is used if the long axis of the femur forms 60 degree angle to the long axis of the tibia to demonstrate the intercondyloid fossa?

A

AP AXIAL BECLERE METHOD

90
Q

What flexion of thek nee is required in lateral projection to show a maximum volume of knee joint cavity?

A

20-30 DEFREES

91
Q

Projection that demonstrate patellar fractures and subluxation of the patella.

A

TANGENTAIL HUGHSTON METHOD

92
Q

Projection of the shoulder that demonstrate humeral head in partial profile

A

AP PROJECITON NEUTRAL ROTATION

93
Q

Projection of the shoulder that demonstrate the coracoid process projected above the clavicle

A

SUPERO-INFERIOR AXIAL PROJECTION

94
Q

Projection that demonstrate the clavicle above the ribs

A

AP AXIAL PROJECTION LORDOTIC position

95
Q

Projection that demonstrate all bones of the foot

A

AP AXIAL PROJECTION WEIGHT BEARING COMPOSITE METHOD - STANDING

96
Q

What tarsal bone is seen in profile if the heel is rotated 30 degrees medially when performing PA Oblique Projection Grashey method of the foot?

97
Q

Projection of the foot to demonstrate the structural status of longitudinal arch

A

LATERAL PROJECTION WEIGHT BEARING METHOD - STANDING

98
Q

Projection of the ankle that demonstrate the superior aspect of the calcaneus

A

LATERAL ROTATION OBLIQUE PROJECTION

99
Q

What central ray is utilized in AP Projection of the knee if the distance of the ASIS from the tabletop is 19-24 cm?

A

PERPENDICULAR

100
Q

Projection that demonstrate vertical fracture of the patella

A

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION SETTEGAST METHOD

101
Q

What structures are seen in AP Internal Oblique Judet Method

A

ILIO-PUBIC COLUMN & POSTERIOR RIM OF ACETABULUM

102
Q

Which of the ff pelvic bone projection demonstrate a symmetric view of obturator foramina

A

PA PROJECTION
2. AP AXIAL OUTLET PROJECTION

103
Q

Part of the hip bone with 2 rami

104
Q

Reference point for Unilateral AP Oblique projection Modified Cleaves method

A

1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis

105
Q

Bone that is not part of the knee

106
Q

Other name for clubfoot

A

TALIPES EQUINOVARUS

107
Q

Central ray for weight bearing coalition position for calcaneus

A

45 DEGREES ANTERIORLY

108
Q

What other term is used in projection for intercondyloid fossa?

A

TUNNEL PROJECTION

109
Q

Other term for loose bodies that can be demonstrated in intercondyloid process

A

JOINT MICE

110
Q

The only point of articulation between the upper limb and the trunk

A

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINTS

111
Q

Projection of the shoulder used when trauma exist and the arm cannot be rotated or abducted

A

TRANSTHORACIC LATERAL projection LAWRENCE method

112
Q

Condition caused by anterior dislocation of the humeral head.

A

HILL SACH DEFECT

113
Q

Projection for acromioclavicular joint used to demonstrate, dislocation, separation and function of the joints

A

AP PROJECTION BILATERAL PEARSON

114
Q

Bone that does not share in the formation of the wrist joint

115
Q

Modification of lateral in extension

A

FAN LATERAL

116
Q

What structure is demonstrated in PA Oblique of the hand if the fingertips are touching the IR?

A

METACARPALS

117
Q

What condition is demonstrated when AP Oblique projection Norgaard Method is being performed?

A

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

118
Q

Reference point for tangential projection of the patella

A

PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT

119
Q

What projection is used to demonstrate transverse fracture of the patella?

A

TANGENTIAL PROJECTION SETTEGAST METHOD

120
Q

What approx. central ray angulation is utilized in tangential settegast method for patella if the patello-femoral joint is not perpendicular to the IR?

A

15-20 degrees

121
Q

It serves as the base for trunk and girdle for the attachment of the lower limb

122
Q

A condition caused by fracture dislocation of the acetabular rim and posterior dislocation of the femoral head

A

GULL-WING-SIGN

123
Q

Oblique position in Judet method that demonstrate ilio-ischial column and anterior rim of the acetabulum

A

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

124
Q

Central ray for PA Axial “inlet” projection Staunig method

A

35 DEGREES CEPHALAD

125
Q

What structure must be perpendicular to the IR in PA Oblique Projection of the ilium?

A

ilium in profile

126
Q

Structure that improve leverage of the thigh muscles acting across the knee

127
Q

Bone that supports the weight of the body

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