Powerpoint 9 Flashcards
What type of transmission does the brain have?
Chemical and electrical
What causes the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft which depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron?
Calcium
Neurotransmitters can be (only/both) excitatory or inhibitory towards the postsynaptic membrane
Both
What do EPSPs do?
Depolarize the postsynaptic membrane
What does and IPSP do?
Hpyerpolarizes the presynaptic membrane (Cl- Ions)
Is an EPSP or an IPSP less likely to fire an action potential?
IPSP
True or False:
Dendritic terminal has mitochondria and microtubules
True
What are the three methods of removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?
- Reuptake
- Enzymatic Degredation
- Diffusion
Each gap junction channel has ___ connexons
2
how many connexins makes up one connexon?
Six
True or False:
Gap junctions have both chemical and electrical involvement
False! Gap junctions only have electrical involvement
What types of things can go though gap junction channels?
Ions and small molecules
What cannot pass through a gap junction?
- most proteins
- nucleic acids
What can pass through a gap junction?
- amino acids
- nucleotides
- ions
- vitamins
- most sugars
Electrical transmission is virtually _____________
Instantaneous
What are the reasons for having gap junctions in neurons?
- rapid signaling
- connect many neurons together to coordinate function
- allow transfer of small/large molecules between neurons
Do electrical or chemical synapses have cytoplasmic continuity?
Electrical
What is the difference in structural components of electrical vs chemical synapses?
Electrical = gap junction channels
Chemical = presynaptic vesicles and post synaptic receptors
What is the direction of transmission for electrical vs chemical synapses?
Electrical = usually bidirectional
Chemical = unidirectional
What aer some important neurotrophic factors?
- nerve growth factor (NGF)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
- Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
What are SAMs?
Synaptically localized cell adhesion molecules
________ have a role in both developing and mature synapses
SAMs
What are some examples of synaptic adhesion proteins?
- Neurexins
- neuroligins
- Ephrin
- Cadherins
Neurexin is (pre/post)synaptic
Pre
Neurexin activates the calcium channel that activates _________
synaptotagmin
Neuroligin is (pre/post)synaptic
Post
What does neuroligin activate?
PSD-95
