Powerpoint 7 Flashcards
True or False:
Neurons can differ in structure, chemistry, and function
True
True or False:
A neuron can go its entire life without needing the support of a glial cell
FALSE
At some point a neuron will need the support of a glial cell to survive!!
What is the innermost layer of the neural tube?
Ventricular
What it’s the layer in the middle of the neural tube?
Mantle layer
What layer of the neural tube contains cells that forms the epithelial layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cord? What are those cells called?
Ventricular layer; ependymal cells
Does the mantle layer of the neural tube contain; neural cell bodies or axons?
Neural cell bodies because the mantle layer contains the gray matter of the CNS
Neuralmigration:
Neurons travel to their destination
What are the three phases of neurogenesis during neural tube development?
- Expansion Phase
- Neurogenic Phase
- Astrogenic phase
What is the name for the cells that are derived from neuroepithelium stem cells located in the ventricular zone?
progenitor cells
What type of glial cells are progenitor cells?
Radial Glia
Are neurons continuous?
They are NOT continuous, they just communicate with each other
Think of th synaptic cleft BTWN neurons
What system is neural tissue part of?
The nervous system
What is the “fundamental structural unit”?
The neuron
What two things are considered to be nerve tissue?
Neurons and neural glia
What are neurites?
The axons and dendrites that branch off of the soma
The Golgi stain revealed what two parts of the neuron?
- Soma and Perikaryon
- Neurites (axons and dendrites)
Who developed Neuron Theory?
Cajal
Who discovered the existence of synapses and agreed neural cell bodies were discrete, independent cells that are not connected?
Cajal
What are general considerations about the nervous system and neurons?
- NS receives information from Inside and outside the body
- integrates/analyzes received information
- neurons generate signals; form synapses
- signals sent to other neurons and to effector organs
- effector organs - carry out responses to signals
- neurons are organized into circuits
True or False:
neurons can have only one dendrite
False, neurons can have Many dendrites
Axons __________________, while dendrites _________________
Send info to the CNS; receive info from the CNS
What it’s the Perikaryon?
The cytoplasm of the cell body of a neuron
Cytosol:
Watery fluid inside the cell
Organelles:
Membrane-enclosed structures within the soma
Cytoplasm:
Contents within a cell membrane (e.g. organelles, excluding the nucleus)
What are the organelles in a neuron?
- nucleus
- nucleoli (one or more; containing RNA)
- mitochondria
- endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- cytoskeleton
- Nissl Bodies (Nissl substance: rER and ribosomes)
What are the parts of the neuron cell membrane?
- neurolemma
- lipid bilayer
- inserted proteins
- ion channels
- receptors
- enzymes
- pumps
- transporters
There are _____ kinds of neural cytoskeleton
3
What are the three kinds of neural cytoskeleton?
- Microtubules
- Neurofilaments
- Microfilaments
What is the cytoskeleton?
The structure which gives shape and helps organize the cell organization and movement
What are examples for microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfuilaments?
Microtubules: Tubulin
Neurofilaments: different types of cytokeratin proteins
Microfilaments: actin molecules
Is the cytoskeleton static or not static?
Not static
What is the purpose of the ER and Golgi apparatus?
Sites for preparing/sorting proteins for delivery to different cell regions (trafficking) and regulating substances
What is the mitochondrion (mitochondria)?
- site of cellular respiration
- Kreb’s cycle to generate ATP happens here
- ATP- cell’s energy source
True or False:
Neurons cannot survive without the mitochondria
True!
If a neuron has a single neurite, what is it called?
Unipolar
If a neuron has two neurites, what is it called?
Bipolar
If a neuron has more than two neurites what is it called?
Multipolar
In what part of the body are Bipolar neurons commonly found?
Sensory organs such as eyes, nose, and ears
What types of neurons are responsible for the sense of touch, pain, and pressure?
Pseudo-unipolar neurons
Which type of neurons are the dominating neurons based on number?
Multipolar neurons
What type of neuron has a cell body, a long axon, and short dendrites?
Multipolar neurons
All 3 types of neuronal cytoskeletons, Nissl bodies, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria are present in ___________
Dendrites
There is ______ protein synthesis at the dendritic terminals
Local
______ and _______ are the two important parts of nerve cells involved in the condition of nerve impulses
Axons and dendrites
True or false:
- Both axon and dendrites are parts of the neuron
True
True or false:
- both axons and dendrites are cytoplasmic projections from the cell body or a neuronal cell
True
True or false:
Only axons and not dendrites can conduct nerve impulses
False!
BOTH axons and dendrites can conduct nerve impulses
What are the Features or properties that are unique to neurons?
- generate axon potential
- form synapses
- send signals
- neurons have long (sometimes very long) processes
- neurons are organized into circuits
- differentiated neurons do not divide
What is another word for “Differentiated neurons”?
Mature neurons
neurons generate action potentials. This means that they are (electrically/chemically) excitable
Electrically
Are synapses chemical or electrical?
Chemical
