Powerpoint 8 Flashcards
Which system utilizes Schwann cells for myelination?
PNS
Which system utilizes Oligodendrocytes for myelination?
CNS
Sensory Neurons:
Neurons that bring information TO the CNS
______ neurons are activated by light, sound, heat, or by chemical signals
Sensory
Motor Neurons:
Neurons that transmit the signals from the CNS to the organs and muscles
Sensory neurons are _____polar and Motor neurons are _____polar
Pseudo-unipolar; multipolar
_________ Are the brain’s immune cells. Protect against injury or disease
Microglia
_________ maintain a neuron’s working environment. They control the levels of neurotransmitter around synapses; control the concentrations of important ions like potassium; provide metabolic support
Astrocytes
__________ produce a fatty substance called myelination, which is wrapped around axons as a layer of insulation
Oligodendrocytes
_______ separate the spinal cord and ventricles of the brain/ They are involved in creating cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
________ cells myelinate the neurons in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann
If this type of glial cell is messed up, you could become paralyzed:
Oligodendrocytes
What are the functions of Glia?
- supports neuronal functions
- there are different types of glia with different functions
What is known as the “Master glial cell”?
Astrocytes
__________ are involved in different types of functions and help in different regions of the brain by providing nutrients
Astrocytes
Which glial cell types are in the CNS?
- Oligodendrocytes
- Astrocytes
- Ependymal cells
- microglial cells
What type of glial cells are in the PNS?
- Schwann cells
- satellite cells
what allows the nerve impulse to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cell?
myelination
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Nerve fibers that are insulated by a myelin sheath
Myelinated nerve fiber
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Nerve fibers that do not have a myelin sheath
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Nerve fibers are white
Myelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Nerve fibers are gray
Unmyelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Have nodes of ranvier
myelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Do not ave nodes of ranvier
Unmyelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
The speed of transmission of nerve impulses are high
Myelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
The speed of transmission of the nerve impulses is low
Unmyelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Most neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system are myelinated because they require fast conduction speed such as neuron involved in spinal reflexes
Myelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Can be found in both the peripheral and central nervous system in the group C fibers, responsible for transmission of secondary pain or itch
Unmyelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Does not lose the impulse during conduction
Myelinated
Does this describe a Myelinated Nerve Fiber or an Unmyelinated Nerve Fiber?
Can lose the nerve impulse during conduction
Unmyelinated
The nerve fibers with long axons are _______
Myelinated
The short axon nerve fibers are __________
Unmyelinated
True or false:
both myelinated and Unmyelinated cells are nerve cells
True
True or false:
Both myelinated and Unmyelinated can conduct impulse as electrical signals
True
How wide is the synaptic cleft?
About 10-20 nm across
The contact structure between two neurons, or between one neuron and one target effector cell:
Synapse
What are the four types of synapses?
- Axosomatic
- Axodendritic
- Axoaxonic
- Dendrodendritic
Which three types of synapses are “chemical synapses”?
- Axosomatic
- Axodendritic
- Axoaxonic
What type of synapse is Dendrodendritic?
An electrical synapse
What is the most common type of synaptic connection?
Axodendritic
where can synaptogenesis occur?
Can occur in any organs where neuron can make a connection
What is known as the final stage of neural development?
Synaptogenesis
What happens to excess synapses that are formed during synaptic formation?
They get pruned
What is the function of acetylcholine?
Muscle control, memory
What is the function of serotonin?
Intestinal movement, mood regulation, sleep
What is the function of dopamine?
Voluntary muscle movements, cognition, reward pathways
what is the function of norepinephrine?
Fight or flight response
What is the function of GABA?
Inhibits CNS
What is the function of glutamate?
Generally an excitatory neurotransmitter, memory
What is the most abundant neurotransmitter, especially in the developing brain?
Glutamate
