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Anatomy/Physiology > powerpoint 1 (RUQ) > Flashcards

powerpoint 1 (RUQ) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of the liver?

A

Pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, & ilium.

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2
Q

What is mainly used to produce enzymes, and neutralize the acid in the stomach?

A

The pancreas.

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3
Q

The right adrenal gland = ?

A

Supra renal gland

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4
Q

Supra renal gland = ?

A

Right adrenal gland

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5
Q

The alpha cells of the _______________ produce _______.

A

islets of Langerhans; glucagon

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6
Q

The beta cells of the _______________ produce _______.

A

islets of Langerhans; insulin

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7
Q

The delta cells of the _______________ produce _______.

A

islets of Langerhans; somatostatin

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8
Q

Hepatic flexure lesions are cause by what? What else causes lesions?

A

Gas build up; adrenal carcinoma

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9
Q

When a part of the stomach goes through hole b/w abdominal & thoracic cavity (4 types depending on level of protrusion) this is __________.

A

Hiatal hernia

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10
Q

A precursor to cancer, H. pylori: apart of stomach flora…causes issues when there’s stress to the body, can cause perforated peptide ulcers. These are symptoms to _______.

A

Gastritis

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11
Q

________ open sores that develop of the inside lining of the stomach; gastric or duodenal.

A

Peptide ulcers

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12
Q

What is the body’s sugar of choice?

A

Glucose

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13
Q

From 30-40 yrs old, your smooth muscle weakens and pouches start to form (haustra), giving rise to ______. When it gets inflamed, it becomes _________.

A

diverticulum; diverticulitis

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14
Q

________ reduces blood flow to area of large intestine…necrosis typically occurs.

A

Ischemic colitis

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel diesease?

A

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

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16
Q

_______ causes inflammation and sores in colon, unknown cause, believed to be autoimmune.

A

Ulcerative colitis

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17
Q

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, malnutrition are the symptoms for what disease? (An inflammatory bowel disease).

A

Crohn disease

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18
Q

_______ is when fecaliths gets stuffed w/ fecal matter, tumor maybe, ascaris; parasites in duodenum in small intestine unproblematic; no definite cause

A

Acute appendicitis

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19
Q

Large intestine, cramp, bloat, pain, constipation, gas & diarrhea are some symptoms for ________. It leads to chronic discomfort and changes in bowel habits.

A

Irritable bowel syndrome

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20
Q

Plaque, hypertension, increase blood pressure, infection, bacterial fungus and trauma are symptoms for __________.

A

Aneursysms

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21
Q

________ is the inflammation of the thin, double-layered sac that surrounds the heart, makes heart work harder to pump blood; serious/fatal condition, no certain idea what causes it, chest pain, & heart palpitations

A

Pericarditis

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22
Q

_______ is when the blood is back flowed; coronary heart brain dies, hypertension, experience abuse

A

Congestive heart failure.

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23
Q

When the left ventricle can’t pump blood to the body what condition is this?

A

Left heart failure

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24
Q

When the right ventricle fail to pump blood to lungs this condition is called…

A

right heart failure

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25
Q

When blood backflows into the vena cava and coronary veins this is…

A

right heart failure

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26
Q

When blood backflows into the lungs this is…

A

left heart failure

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27
Q

Right side of the heart is __________ blood while left side is __________ blood.

A

deoxygenated; oxygenated

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28
Q

_________ which is the enlargement of the liver & spleen can be caused by ________, __________, & ________.

A

Hepatosplenomegaly; liver abscess; leukemia; malaria

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29
Q

A sand fly can cause what disease?

A

Leishmaniasis

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30
Q

__________ is caused by the inflammation & scarring of bile ducts, parasites or backflow of bacteria from intestines. It is also linked to __________.

A

Cholangitis; carcinoma of the gallbladder

31
Q

___________ is when the pancreas becomes inflamed. There are 2 types: ___________.

A

Pancreatitis; acute & chronic

32
Q

_________ is the condition where abnormal cells in the pancreas grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor.

A

Pancreas cancer/tumor

33
Q

________ a kidney infection that is caused by bacterial invasion like E.coli which is the most common bacteria carried.

A

Pyelonephritis

34
Q

__________ are a type of kidney stone that form in the urinary tract, typically as a result of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

A

Struvite stones

35
Q

An increased amount of ammonium production, which increase pH and decreases the solubility of phospholipids causes _______.

A

struvite

36
Q

__________ is the inflammation in the nephrons located in the kidney where pericytes and fenestration can affect this as well.

A

Nephritis

37
Q

___________ is caused by an autoimmune disease called vasculitis; impairs the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood.

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

38
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis is caused by an autoimmune disease called _______.

A

vasculitis

39
Q

________________ which is found in saliva &/or wax mixture in ears, also otherwise known as Berger’s Disease can cause acute glomerulonephritis.

A

IgA nephropathy

40
Q

___________ is the progressive loss of kidney function, genetic condition (can’t cure), X-linked recessive, on chromosome 2 and can be both recessive or autosomal dominant.

A

Alport syndrome

41
Q

_________ is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels.

A

Vasculitis

42
Q

Which genes are defective the the Alport syndrome?

A

COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5;

43
Q

COL4A3, COL4A4 are found on _________, while COL4A5 is found on _________ and are __________.

A

chromosome 2; X chromosome; X-linked recessive

44
Q

A very rapidly occurring condition in the nephrons caused by medication or infection and is affected by proton pumps is what disease?

A

Interstitial nephritis

45
Q

__________ is when the pee is building up in kidneys and has nowhere to go; blockage of the urate and can be caused by kidney stones, infection, conditions, blood clot and tumor.

A

Hydronephrosis

46
Q

___________ is the inflammation of the visceral pleura.

A

Pleurisy

47
Q

Some symptoms of _____________ is edema, pee has a lot of bubbles and high blood pressure.

A

IgA nephropathy

48
Q

__________ is the inflammation of air spaces in the lung and is caused by bacterial or viral infections. 2 ways to get it is ___________________ and __________________.

A

Pneumonia; community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)

49
Q

When the infection is isolated to one section of the lung, this condition is called ________.

A

lobar pneumonia

50
Q

When you inhale FAs or lipids and they settle on lung tissue preventing oxygen exchange, it causes __________.

A

lipoid pneumonia

51
Q

Inflammation that primarily affects the bronchi and the adjacent alveoli is ____________.

A

bronchopneumonia

52
Q

Inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the interstitium is called __________.

A

Interstitial pneumonia

53
Q

____________ is the most common one (in the lung); a gram positive bacterial; referred to as alpha hemolytic

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

54
Q

Organisms that live in the human body are called ___________.

A

commensal organisms

55
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia can causes ___________, which is an middle ear infection, ______________, which is serious bloodstream infection, ___________ which is the presence of bacteria in the blood, and ___________, which is infections in the blood.

A

Otitis media; septicemia; bacteremia; blood poisoning

56
Q

________ surround our central nervous system, isolating the central nervous sys from the body.

A

Meningitis

57
Q

___________ is a gram negative Vercelli; like to grow in stagnant water. Another name for it is ___________.

A

Legionella pneumophila; Legionnaires’ disease

58
Q

If ______________ get into the body, they like to get inside the cells; like to live in dust cells.

A

facultative intracellular parasites

59
Q

___________, ____________ and ___________ are gram negative bacteria; causes pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydophila pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza

60
Q

__________ is a negative sense RNA virus, single-stranded RNA virus otherwise known as _________.

A

Influenza virus; viral influenza

61
Q

__________ is the most common virus. ___________ are influenced by B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria lineages. ________ affects humans, dogs and pigs.

A

Influenza A; influenza B; influenza C

62
Q

Influenza B is influenced by 2 lineages: _________ and _______.

A

B/Yamagata; B/Victoria

63
Q

__________ causes pneumonia, single stranded RNA, otherwise known as Orthopneumovirus.

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).

64
Q

_________ is a common fungi that causes pneumonia.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

65
Q

_____________ is a fungi that doesn’t usually affect humans; most common way HIV patients die, causes pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis carinii

66
Q

__________ causes pneumonia and valley fever.

A

Coccidioides immitis

67
Q

____________ (e.g blood clot) and ____________ (e.g lung tissue dies) causes RUQ pain; a blockage in blood vessel (from buildup of platelets); clear sign of lung cancer

A

Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary infarction

68
Q

RUQ pain, autoimmune disease, destruction of the autoimmune cortex, start with the cortex then the vesiculate, suffer from hypotension, after the 3 outcomes, leads to death. This is ________.

A

Addison’s disease (hypocortisolism)

69
Q

Having symptoms of Asthenia (extreme weakness), anorexia (loss of appetite), and/or tachycardia (loss of consciousness) is what disease?

A

Addison’s disease.

70
Q

Some symptoms of Addison’s disease is _________ (extreme weakness), _________ (loss of appetite) and/or _________ (loss of consciousness).

A

Asthenia, anorexia, and tachycardia

71
Q

When a bacterial called micro bacterial tuberculosis manages to get into adrenal gland (can get into other parts) it causes __________.

A

Adrenal tuberculosis

72
Q

____________ can cause __________ (a disease that doesn’t produce enough cortisol)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculous Addison’s disease

73
Q

_____________, otherwise known as the primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare but serious disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of certain hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone.

A

Addison’s disease

Anatomy/Physiology (13 decks)

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