Lecture Exam 3.2

Question 1

______________ is the formation of bone inside the cartilage, mostly compact bone formation, occurs on the 4 week (mesenchymal tissues start to develop), the mesenchymal cells inside the mesh tissue will develop into Osteochondral progenitor cells…then to chondroblast

Answer 1

Endochondrial ossification

Question 2

____________ produce Cartilage material.

Answer 2

Chondroblasts

Question 3

____________ is a transcription factor, a protein formed from Pax 1 gene, turns osteochondral cells into chondroblasts.

Answer 3

Paired box 1 (Pax1)

Question 4

___________ is a transcription factor, turns osteochondral cells into chondroblasts.

Answer 4

Scleraxis

Question 5

____________ forms the Paired box 1 (Pax 1).

Answer 5

Pax 1 gene

Question 6

________ forms Scleraxis.

Answer 6

Scx gene

Question 7

___________ is an adult bone cell (once the cell is covered by lacunae).

Answer 7

Chondrocytes

Question 8

_____________ has 3 types: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibro________ (same word).

Answer 8

Cartilage

Question 9

____________ is the most common cartilage in body, where all cartilage cells start;all hyaline is surrounded by Perichondrium (a connective tissue); it forms in the shape of the future bone.

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage model

Question 10

_______________ is a connective tissue that surround the cartilage (a type of mesenchymal tissue).

Answer 10

Perichondrium

Question 11

_______________ is a type of cartilage, blood vessels stay outside (when healthy), found in ears, epiglottis.

Answer 11

Elastic cartilage

Question 12

______________ is the intervertebral disc (in between vertebrae), extremely high with collagen fibers, tough, rugged.

Answer 12

Fibrocartilage

Question 13

_____________ tends to follow the areas of injury in cartilage.

Answer 13

Osteoblasts

Question 14

___________ is a cuff that forms around the Diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model in developing long bones (osteoblasts diffuse hydroxyapatite around the diaphysis to develop it); eventually becomes part of the compact bone.

Answer 14

Bone collar

Question 15

___________ is the main/shaft of the long bone.

Answer 15

Diaphysis

Question 16

____________ is the mesenchymal tissue that surrounds the bone.

Answer 16

Periosteum

Question 17

____________ start to develop inside the periosteum when the periosteum is developed.

Answer 17

Osteoclasts

Question 18

____________ secreted out the chondrocytes and start caking the lacunae.

Answer 18

Hydroxyapatite

Question 19

___________ is the process of death (cellular suicide) leaving behind empty calcified lacunae.

Answer 19

Apoptosis

Question 20

_________________ is secreted by the newly developed chondrocytes.

Answer 20

Calcified cartilage lacunae

Question 21

________________ is the 1st area of a bone to start ossifying.

Answer 21

Primary ossification center

Question 22

No ________ is formed during Primary ossification center

Answer 22

red marrow

Question 23

______________ is the rounded ends of the long bone that ossify from the Secondary ossification center.

Answer 23

Epiphysis

Question 24

_________________ forms in the middle of the Epiphysis.

Answer 24

Secondary ossification center

Question 25

_____________ are the holes or channels in bones that allow blood vessels to enter the bones from the periosteum; they interconnect the haversian canals with each other and the periosteum.

Answer 25

Volkmann’s canal

Question 26

_____________ are the microscopic tubes in the osteon of bone called cortical bone.

Answer 26

Haversian canal

Question 27

_______ also called haversian system, is the fundamental functional unit of compact bone.

Answer 27

Osteon