Practice Exam 1 Questions

Question 1

Blood enters the _____ (hint: R upper chamber of the heart) from systemic and coronary circulation via 3 vessels.

Answer 1

right atrium

Question 2

The __________ brings blood from the head/neck and upper torso.

Answer 2

superior vena cava

Question 3

The ______ brings blood from the remaining parts of the body.

Answer 3

inferior vena cava

Question 4

The _________brings blood from the heart itself.

Answer 4

coronary veins

Question 5

The contraction of the heart’s right upper chamber pushed blood through the ______________ and enters the ________ (R lower chamber of the heart)

Answer 5

tricuspid valve; right ventricle

Question 6

What is the heart’s R lower chamber of the heart called? The L? What is the heart’s upper chamber called and receives what? The L?

Answer 6

Right ventricle; L ventricle; R atrium receives deoxygenated blood; L atrium receives oxygenated blood

Question 7

The R lower chamber of the heart contracts and pushed open the _______ (a valve) allowing blood to enter the _________, which branches to form R and L pulmonary arteries & carried to the blood into the lungs.

Answer 7

pulmonary semilunar valve; pulmonary trunk

Question 8

Blood returns to the ________ via 4 __________. The contraction of the above-mentioned chamber pushes past the ________ (a valve) and into the ________.

Answer 8

left atrium; pulmonary veins; bicuspid valve; aorta

Question 9

___________ is defined as the impaired pumping efficiency of the heart to supply adequate blood for the body. This could be caused by the blockage of the arteries supplying the heart called the ________. Or by a heart valve disorders, and high blood pressure known as __________. This disorder has 2 types depending on the side of the heart. For ex. _________ occurs when the ________ (a chamber) can’t pump oxygenated blood to the body. While ________ occurs when the __________ can’t pump blood to the lungs.

Answer 9

Congestive cardiac failure; coronary heart disease; hypertension; left heart failure; left ventricle; right heart failure; right ventricle

Question 10

_____________ is a condition that could result in RUQ pain. Could be caused by a bacterial infection or obstructions, for ex. caused by lump of fecal debris, also known as _________ getting lodged in the structure, it could also be caused by a buildup of calcium salts or a tumor.

Answer 10

Acute appendicitis; fecaliths

Question 11

___________ is a condition that could result in the RUQ pain in neonates, toddlers, and children. Could be caused by a thickening of the pylorus muscles which become abnormally large, blocking food from reaching small intestines. Could cause forceful vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss.

Answer 11

Pyloric stenosis

Question 12

A child with LUQ pains. With MRI imaging, you have determined an enlargement in the ________ (a lymphatic organ responsible for filtering out old erythrocytes). This enlargement is known medically as _________ and the condition that the child is suffering from is called __________.

Answer 12

spleen; splenomegaly; acute-splenic sequestration

Question 13

A child that is diagnosed with a genetic condition that is common among African-American community called _________, which is a _________ condition resulting from the malformation of erythrocytes. These malformed erythrocytes are known to cause _________, which is define as blockage in small blood vessels and capillaries.

Answer 13

sickle cell anemia; chronic; vaso-occlusions

Question 14

The African child that is suffering from a genetic condition that is believed to be an evolutionary response to an infection called ________ caused by parasites in the genus Plasmodium transmitted by mosquitoes. This condition is ________ (autosomal or X-linked) ___________ (recessive or dominant). This mutation causes a structural defect in the _______ chain of the hemoglobin producing a malformed hemoglobin. The sickle cell defect in malaria is caused by a single nucleotide substitution that resulted in the switch of ______ (AA) and ________ (AA).

Answer 14

malaria; autosomal; recessive; beta; glutamic acid; valine

Question 15

___________ is a condition that could result in the RUQ pains. Caused by lesions forming at the sharp bend b/w the ascending transverse colon.

Answer 15

Hepatic flexture lesions.

Question 16

___________ is a condition that could result in RUQ pain. Caused by a portion of the stomach protruding through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.

Answer 16

Hiatal hernia

Question 17

A patient is complaining about severe pains in the RUQ and displayed difficult in movement. You noticed he was suffering from ____________, which means that his liver is enlarged. He could have acquired this condition from _________, which is when a pus-filled pocket has formed in the liver. Some parasitic infections like malaria and _________ could also result in liver enlargement.

Answer 17

hepatomegaly; liver abcess; leishmaniasis

Question 18

The syndrome that has symptoms where a person hasn’t been able to have a bowel movement or pass gas, has 4 types, and one of the types results from invagination of a segment of the bowel into another called _________________. There are 4 types: _________ results from the invagination of a segment of the bowel into another. The _______ are caused by the formation of tough, fibrous connective tissue that is a type of scar. The __________ is caused by an axial twist of the gastrointestinal tract around its mesentery. This is very serious b/c it could lead to stenosis and cause _____, also known as tissue death. Finally, the __________ is caused by the structural weakness in the muscles and fibers that are part of the wall of the abdomen, a portion of the small intestine may protrude through the weakened area.

Answer 18

Intestinal obstruction; Intussusception; adhesion; volvulus; necrosis; hernia

Question 19

A young woman suffering from __________, which is defined as the inflammation of the tissues around the bile ducts. She is also suffering from ________, which is the inflammation of the liver, as well as__________, which is the inflammation of the pancreas. Through technology, you noticed that there is inflammation of the connective tissue sac around the heart, which is commonly referred as __________.

Answer 19

cholangitis; hepatitis; pancreatitis; pericarditis

Question 20

__________, also known as kidney stones, is a relatively common condition when individuals’ urine contain high levels of crystal-forming substances, such as _____________ (hint: ions used in bone building and muscle contraction…), _________ (a common waste product in reptiles & birds but find minute amounts in humans), and ________ (a substance created subsequent to the breakdown of vitamin C.

Answer 20

Nephrolithiasis; calcium phosphate; uric acid; oxalate

Question 21

____________ (hint: a type of stone) are the most common type of kidney stones, usually formed from ___________ or __________.

Answer 21

Calcium stones; calcium oxalate; calcium carbonate

Question 22

____________ is formed in response to an infection, such as the urinary tract infection caused by urease-producing organisms like ___________ and ____________. These stones are composed of __________________ and __________________.

Answer 22

Struvite stones; proteus ssp.; klebsiella ssp.; magnesium ammonium phosphate; calcium carbonate-apatite

Question 23

___________ (a type of stone) are formed in people w/ a hereditary disorder called __________ are formed. This is a ________ (autosomal or X-linked) __________ (recessive or dominant) type of hereditary disorder where these individuals can’t process an amino acid called ________.

Answer 23

Cystine stones; cystinuria; autosomal; recessive; cystine

Question 24

__________ is defined as inflammation in the kidneys and may involve the nephrons.

Answer 24

Nephritis

Question 25

__________, a type of nephritis could be caused by infections such as strep throat, hepatitis and human immunodeficiency.

Answer 25

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 26

The ______________ is a slow developing condition that may lead to serious kidney damage. Autoimmune disorders like _____________ (the inflammation of small blood vessels) may also trigger this disease.

Answer 26

chronic glomerulonephritis; vasculitis

Question 27

___________ is a generic condition that will experience progressive loss of kidney function. About 80% of cases are caused by mutations in the _______ gene which is located on the __________ chromosome. In about 15% of cases, condition results from mutations in both copies of the _____ or ______ gene, which is located on ________ chromosome. This form of condition is inherited in an _________(autosomal or X-linked) ________ (recessive or dominant) pattern. About 5% of cases, the condition is inherited based on a __________ (autosomal or recessive) __________ (recessive or dominant) pattern.

Answer 27

Alport syndrome; COL4A5; X-linked; COL4A3; COL4A4; 2; autosomal; recessive; autosomal; dominant