Lecture Exam 3.3

Question 1

_______________ are most resistant to muscle fatigue; these muscles are designed to withstand oxygen depth; these are the muscles used for heavy lifting; get plenty of ATP and have Myoglobin (where another cells have very little or none.

Answer 1

Slow-twitch oxidative fibers (Type I fibers)

Question 2

_________ is very similar to hemoglobin, a Metalloprotein, stores oxygen; makes the cells darker/redder (ex. Chicken’s red meat); smallest of the diameter of the 3 fibers which makes it easier to diffuse oxygen.

Answer 2

Myoglobin

Question 3

___________________ have intermediate (middle) size; obtain their ATP from the Krebs cycle; have some myoglobin; fatigue wise they lie in between.

Answer 3

Fast twitch oxidative fibers (Type IIA)

Question 4

______________ obtain their ATP from anaerobic glycolysis; they run out of ATP quickly; have no myoglobin inside the fibers. Gives the appearance color a more white color (white meat of chicken); have the largest diameter and get fatigue very quickly…low oxygen and ATP content; but very powerful fibers.

Answer 4

Fast-twitch glycolytic fibers (Type IIX or Type VIII)

Question 5

___________ means dealing with the sarcomere.

Answer 5

Length-tension relationship

Question 6

___________ is the contraction of the muscle in response to a single motor neuron stimulus that causes an action potential to be generated in another muscle.

Answer 6

Muscle twitch

Question 7

_____________ is the first phase of muscle contraction, the time between he application of the stimulus and the beginning of the contraction.

Answer 7

Myogram Lag phase

Question 8

____________ is the 2nd phase where the bind, bend, and release occurs. Move tropomyosin out the way and exposes the myosin binding site. This process continues until there is no more room to go.

Answer 8

Contraction phase

Question 9

_____________ is the 3rd/final phase; acetylcholine is removed; sodium potassium pumps are turned on.

Answer 9

Relaxation phase

Question 10

____________ involve a slow increasing number of muscle fiber contraction

Answer 10

Multiple motor unit summation

Question 11

______________ increases the force of contraction in some muscle fibers.

Answer 11

Multiple wave summation

Question 12

___________ is a doesn’t reach the threshold; more important in nerves rather than the threshold; at the first voltage gated sodium channel where this ; if it doesn’t reach -58, then the voltage gated.

Answer 12

Sub-threshold stimulus

Question 13

_______________ is a condition where the muscle contractions associated.

Answer 13

Summarized Incomplete tetanus

Question 14

___________ is the muscle state where the muscle is not relaxing.

Answer 14

Complete tetanus

Question 15

______________ also known as staircase effect, occurs when the skeletal muscle has been at rest for a long period, and the activated… basically the muscle need to warm up.

Answer 15

Treppe Staircase effect

Question 16

_______________ is the force exerted on the object by a contracting muscle.

Answer 16

Muscle tension

Question 17

_______________ is when the length of the muscle stays the same, but the tension increases; seen when a muscle is supporting a load at a steady position; at this stage, the cross-bridge is formed but the myosin is not moving.

Answer 17

Isometric contractions

Question 18

______________ is when the tension exerted is greater than the load; tension will increase briefly during the initial phase and then just to overcome the load, the rest of the time, it will remain the same.

Answer 18

Isotonic contractions

Question 19

____________ is when the tension is greater than the load, the tension will increase and muscle fibers shorten.

Answer 19

Concentric contractions

Question 20

_____________ is when the tension is less than the load, the tension will remain the same.

Answer 20

Eccentric contractions

Question 21

____________ is when the myosin is actually moving on the actin (Bind, bend, and release).

Answer 21

Power stroke