Power and Language

Question 1

What is Power?

Answer 1

The ability or capability to do something or act in a particular way or to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events.

Question 2

Types of power

Answer 2

CHANGE
Ability to act or accomplish something.
Political or national strength.
Greater or marked ability to do or act: strength, might: force.
Possession of control or command over others, authority, ascendancy, power over men’s minds.
Legal capability, ability or authority- power of attorney.
Delegated authority granted to a person in a particular office or capability: President.
A deity, divinity, heavenly powers.
Religious- clergy.

Question 3

What are the two power concepts- Types of Power that Fairclough stated?

Answer 3

Influential

Instrumental

Question 4

Influential

Answer 4

Used by individuals or groups to maintain and enforce authority. Instrumental language is used to convey orders and reinforce that power that someone their power that someone has.

Question 5

Instrumental

Answer 5

Political used to influence and persuade others. Is used to convince and manipulate or inspire different ways of thinking. (Links to laws/ Acts and legal power)

Question 6

What are Wareings’s ideas about power?

Answer 6

1999.

Political- held by a politician, police, legal profession.7
Personal power- result of occupation/role- parent, doctors, teachers, employers. (Links to privileges and authority, influence one gets from that role- entitlement).
Social group power- certain class, gender, age,- white middle class men hold positions of powers=s.

Question 7

Who created the idea of power in discourse/power behind discourse? Year.

Answer 7

Fairclough 2000

1989

Question 8

Power in interactions.

Answer 8

The ways in which power is displayed in situations through language use. (Language levels).

Question 9

Power behind interactions.

Answer 9

The focus on the social and ideological reasons behind the portrayal of power.

Question 10

Power behind interaction.

Answer 10

Helps to contextualize (A03) linguistic features according to the wider ideologies, hierarchical structure and power relationships that shape language use.

Question 11

What is ideology?

Answer 11

A set of belief systems, attitudes or a world view held by an individual or group.

Question 12

How do text producers incorporate ideology?

Answer 12

LANGUAGE LEVELS.

Question 13

AFOREST

Answer 13

Alliteration
Facts
Opinions (framed as a fact)
Repetition
Emotive Language
Statistics
Three (rule of)

Question 14

What is synthetic personalization 2001?

Answer 14

Fairclough

A tendency to give the impression of taking each of the people handled en masse as an individual.

Question 15

What are the three stages to the process?

Answer 15

Building relations through personalization.

Manipulation of ‘members’ recourses.

Building the consumer into the ideal receiver.

Question 16

Political language techniques.

Answer 16

Repetition
Lists
1st plural pronoun
Figurative language
Rhetorical questions
Hyperbole

Question 17

Jargon

Answer 17

Knowledge of power and exclusive knowledge to a group to persuade.

Question 18

Power in education

Answer 18

Teachers- imperatives, rules (instrumental and influential), power hierarchy. Power of knowledge. Legal- safeguarding and a duty of care.
Children- terms of address differ- imbalance
Modal auxiliary verbs- inspire not direct and harsh.

Question 19

What is politically correct language?

Answer 19

A term to describe ways that language can be adapted to minimize social inequality.
It helps get the moral high ground and especially links to purpose, political views (important in (political) speeches or spoken/written texts) and target audience ideology. It makes one seem more respectable and inclusive in order to persuade and then manipulate.