Detailed Power Revision Guide Flashcards
(42 cards)
Persuasive Techniques in language
Simile Metaphor Mixed Metaphor Extended metaphors Allusion ( refer to a powerful phrase, quote that audible may know) Lists of three Repetition Parallelism Synonymous parallelism Antithetical parallelism or antithesis Puzzled or redundant question Alliteration Wordplay
Parallelism
Many public speaking writers divide a sentence or clause into two balanced parts.
Synonymous parallelism
The second half echoes or develops the first half.
Antithetic parallelism or antithesis
Two halves are opposed or contradictory.
Puzzled or redundant questions
If you wish to make a statement, it may bd a good idea to ask a question or a series of questions to introduce it.
Wordplay
You can create some good effects by using similar words but with slight differences of form and meaning.. ‘part arthouse, part shithouse’
Influential power- advertising
Persuade their audience to adopt attitudes to lifestyle, products and services. Rare to find it that seeks to influence explicitly for directly. Less rare- in which the link to produce or service is implicit or ambiguous m.
Advertising lexicon
May change over time but is fairly stable, new, improved, proven and other qualifiers are seen as reliable.
Advertising lexicon study.
David Ogilvy- Confessions of an Advertising Man.
Identified a basic lexicon of qualifiers like good, crisp, better, natural, free. Verbs- buy, taste, go, look, feel,use. Special registers may be used to specific topics like scientific , technical, hygiene.
Advertising borrows…
And adapts structures and forms from texts of all kinds. E.g. broadcast/ dramatic with a narrative conducted through dialogue, narrative by images alone with music/voiceover.
Specific techniques in Advertising
Puns Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia Rhyme and other kinds of comic or something poetic wordplay e.g. Ambiguity Irony Allusion.
Advertising and special lexis.
Adverts often use short texts which are backed full of specific lexis which relates to the subject matter and to how they want the audience to feel. It all links to register and feature of style which are all linked to the product brand/image and attitudes/values of the audiences.
Grammar and advertising- what is different and what does it link to?
More likely to use short forms- minor sentences.
Use non standard forms (sentences/main clauses)
All links to assumption of audience.
Noun (phrases), verbs on their own. (sometimes headlines).
Use the brand name as a adj, verb, adverb. (eponym)
What semantics are used in advertising?
Exploit connotations rather than denotations as there are state controls to what advertisers may claim or not about their product.
Jargon (pseudo-technical lexis or scientific lexis). e.g. distinguish pharmaceutical from beauty products/ stress naturalness of foods and drinks by adding additives, colorings etc.
Pragmatics and advertising- what techniques?.
Make GRAMPS specific to audience. Make assumptions of viewpoint of audience and direct it.
Ways to do this: use celebrities, jargon, different grammar, photos, children’s TV show characters, and new mobile phone/car, imperatives, statements, noun phrases= form of address people use.
Discourse and advertising- what techniques?.
Create narratives- self contained or episodic. Mimic tv shows or soon to be tv shows (if ad for it). ‘The end. It’s a Mini adventure’.
Explain the relationship between influential power and politics.
Features of political language vary with the purposes. Usually to persuade voters. At the heart, to make us adopt general political or social attitudes so we support a given policy.
Features:
When answering journalists questions- particular language form- vague language.
Other politicians- under rule of arbiter.
‘Spin’- providing information to the media in such a way as to favor a desired interpretation, no explicitly stated.
What is political rhetoric.
Persuasive techniques. Alliteration Allusion Antithesis Asking questions and suggesting answers Lists of 3 Metaphor (extended) Parallelism Parenthesis Repetition Redundant questioning.
What is parliamentary and unparliamentary language?
UK Parliament use special language features:
A special lexicon and forms of address.
Disallowing personally abusive epithets.
Use of special structures.
Parliamentary privilege- freedom from liability for slander.
Rules for taking and holding turns.
Procedures for supportive and explicatory interventions.
Submission to the arbitration of the chairman or woman, the speaker and Deputy speakers.
Who states in Parliamentary language that the Maxims of conversational theory do not apply?
David Crystal.
What is special lexis in politics?
Politicians have specific jargon exclusive to them. e.g. Another place, Chiltern Hundreds, I Spy Strangers, cross bench, speaker.
What are the forms of address in Parliament?
The second person pronoun ‘You’ is not allowed.
‘My honorable friend’ /lady/gentleman/ for Finchley.- politeness to cover hostility.
Meant to know who represents which constituency.
Parliamentary Privilage
HOC may assert things which elsewhere would allow others to sue them for libel.
On one hand calling speakers liars of swearing not allowed.
Voting
Members must go through a lobby and if yes ‘Aye’ lobby or no.
