Poverty and Pauperism - Improvements Flashcards
When did the Huddersfield scandal happen?
1848
What was wrong with the Huddersfield Workhouse?
Typhus outbreak, lice ridden beds, sharing beds with corpses, soiled bed linen, poor food, not enough blankets or food, overcrowding
Give 2 reasons why attitudes changed towards the poor after 1850
Scandals, rise of charity, rise of self-help, middle-class activities, Victorian morality
What is Philanthropy?
A general concern for the welfare of others
What did the Outdoor Labour Test Order do and when was it passed?
Policy of April 1842 which allowed the use of outdoor relief to the able-bodied poor
Who was the Outdoor Labour State Test Order given to?
Sent to unions without workhouses or where the workhouse test was deemed unenforceable
When was the Outdoor Relief Regulation Order passed?
1852
Why was the Outdoor relief regulation Order difficult to enforce?
Because parishes wanted the option of outdoor relief as it solved short-term problems
What was the Outdoor Relief Prohibitory Order and when was it?
1844, prohibited outdoor relief for both able-bodied males and females except on account of sickness or “sudden and urgent necessity.
What special role did middle and upper class women perform in relation to poverty?
They found a role for themselves in charity work aimed at helping/supporting the poor
Who co-founded Urania Cottage with Charles Dickens?
Angela Burnett-Coutts
What was Urania Cottage and when was it founded?
A hostel/home for ex-prostitutes
1847
What did the Workhouse Visiting Society do?
Collated information about the poor
What resulted from the Lancet’s investigation in 1865?
The Metropolitan Poor Act of 1867
What responsibility did the Metropolitan Asylum Board have?
To look after sick paupers
Why might self-help ideas have been praised?
New approach to pauperism, encouraged the poor to take responsibility
Why might self-help ideas have been criticised?
Patronising approach to the poor
Who published the book Self-Help and when?
Samuel Smiles, 1859
What did the Charity Organisation Society (1869) do?
Interviewed paupers, adopted a more constructive approach and gave advice
Who wrote that workhouses were prisons and the growing class divide in society in his book of 1843?
Thomas Carlyle
What did Henry Mayhew argue?
That poor wages were the cause of poverty
What was different about Mayhew’s work?
Four volume work based on detailed research into the lives of the poor
What was Mayhew’s study called?
London Labour and London Poor
1851
What does empiricism mean?
Based on evidence or observation rather than logic or theory
