Poultry Flashcards
What breed of chicken are broilers?
White Plymouth Rock
—> heavy meat breed marketed 6-9weeks old and 4.5-5lbs
What breed of chicken are layers?
White leghorn
Why of chickens often de-beaked?
To prevent fighting
At how many weeks do layers begin laying?
20weeks
How many eggs can a layer hen produce per laying cycle?
250-300 eggs per cycle
How many cycles are layer chickens kept?
2 cycles (75weeks)
What occurs between egg laying cycles?
6 week forced molt
When does natural molting occur?
Fall
How can you force molt a chicken?
2-3weeks of dietary manipulation
Bodyweight drops 25%
What is good preventative medicine in layer facilites ?
Disease free chicks
Maximum hygiene
Biosecurity
Adequate nutrition
Vaccination programs
What commercial viral vaccines are available in chickens?
Marek’s Newcastle Infectious bronchitis Infectious bursa disease Laryngiotraceitis
What type of vaccine is Marek’s disease vax?
In ovo vaccination
18 days incubation ideal time frame into amniotic sac
Where are sQ vaccines typically given?
Wing web
T/F: the large white turkey cannot breed on their own and must be artificially inseminated
True
Same as broad breasted white
Hollands white
Beltsville white
Juvenile turkeys are called?
Pouts
When are turkeys marketed?
Females 14weeks (14-16lbs)
Toms at 20 weeks (28-30lbs)
What is the most common skeletal deformity in chicks?
Rickets
— lack of Ca or vitD
Clinical signs of rickets?
Rubbery bones
Enlarged joints
Lameness
Bowing of legs
What is cage layer fatigue?
Osteoporosis/osteomalacia
Absorption of calcium leading to pathological fractures
Eggs become thin shelled and decrease hatchability
What can you supplement to birds suffering from cage layer fatigue?
Lacking Ca
Limestone or oyster shell
Syndrome often seen with layer fatigue ?
Fatty liver syndrome
What birds are affected by fatty liver syndrome?
High producer with high caloric intake
Obese hens with friable fatty livers
Aflatoxins in corn meal can exacerbate
A deficiency in ______ causes perosis (shortening and rotation of long bones) in young birds?
Manganese
What are the components of “slipped tendon” in chickens?
Manganese deficiency causes perosis
Gastroc tendon is displaced and hock joints swell
Chondrodystrophy
A deficiency in VitE/selenium causes what disease in chickens/
Exudative diathesis (birds 5-11weeks)
White muscle disease (muscular dystrophy)
Crazy chick disease (encephalomalacia)
What types of diets are deficiency in vitE?
Diets with rancid cod liver or soybean oil
Corn and soybean growth in selenium deficient soil
Clinical signs of exudative diathesis?
Severe edema/ weeping of skin
Skin bruises and scabs easily
Squamous metaplaisa of secretory epithelium
Hyperkeratosis
Ataxia, droopiness, swelling of eyes
Are all clinical signs of??
Vit A deficiency
What are the B vitamins?
Riboflavin Niacin Folic Acid Biotin Thiamin Cyanocobalmin
What are clinical signs of niacin deficiency?
Swollen hocks, bowed legs, slipped gastrocnemius tendon
Bowed legs in ducklings
Perosis in goslings
Clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency?
Curled toe paralysis
Stunting, diarrhea, enlargement of brachial and sciatic nerve sheaths
Parrot beak (chondrodytrophy)
Clubbed down— neck and vent feathers dont rupture sheaths
Poults — diarrhea and cessation of growth
Treatment for riboflavin deficiency?
Autolyzed yeast or sodium riboflavin
What type of virus is avian influenza?
Orthomyxovirus type A (RNA)
What are the two forms of avian influenza?
High pathogenicity
Low pathogenicity
What are the H and N of avian influenza?
H = hemagglutinins N= neuroamididase
Reservoir of avian influenza ?
Waterfowl and shorebirds
What clinical signs do you see in the mild form of avian influenza
Tracheal, sinus, and airsac inflammation
GI problems
Ischemia of the combs and legs
Clinical signs of fowl plague?
100% mortality
CNS, resp, and GI dz
Necrosis of skin, comb, wattles, and liver
Hemorrhagic
What yep of virus is Newcastle dz?
Paramyxovirus type 1
T/F: avian influenza and Newcastle are zoonotic
True
What are the forms of Newcastle dz?
Lentogenic - endemic, few signs
Mesogenic -resp, CNS (torticollis) moderate mortality, endemic
Velogenic - short duration, rapid res, diarrhea, paralysis, acute mortality
Vicertorphic velogenic (reportable)
What type of virus is infectous laryngiotrachitieis?
Herpesvirus
T/F: infectous laryngotracheitis has high morbidity, high mortality
False
High morbidity
Low- moderate mortality
Clinical signs associated with infectious laryngotracheitis ?
Resp distress, gasping, head shaking, gurgling
Tracheal hemorrhage, blood tinged exudates form mouth and nares
Caseous material in airways
Resp distress, gasping, head shaking, gurgling
Tracheal hemorrhage, blood tinged exudates form mouth and nares
Caseous material in airways
DDX?
Infectous laryngotracheitis
Wet fowl pox
What are the two forms of fowl pox?
Dry, cutaneous — wart like nodules around the face, eyes, comb, and wattles
Wet, diptheritic form — white nodules on oropharynx, larynx, and trachea (diptheritic membrane —> asphyxiates)
What is the most economically important dz of turkeys?
Fowl cholera (pasteurella)
Chickens with respiratory distress, cyanosis, green diarrhea, and acute death
Necrosis, swollen, parboiled liver, severe pneumonia, pericarditis, air sacculitis
Dx?
Fowl cholera - pasturella
What do you see in the chronic form of pasturella?
Infection of wattles (caseous), snood, joints (caseous arthritis), torticollis
What is coryza?
Catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose
What agent causes infectious coryza?
Avibacterium (hemophilus) paragallinarum
Clinical signs of coryza?
Nasal discharge Conjunctivitis Adherence of the eyelids Facial edema Distention of intra-orbital sinus
What mycoplasma sp affects chickens as a primary respiratory pathogen?
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
What dz does mycoplasma meleagridis cause and in what sp?
Blackhead in turkey
Air sacculitis in turkeys too
Venereal transmission, localized in cloaca and phallus
What causes avian infectious bronchitis?
Chlamydiosis
Clinical signs of avian infectious bronchitis?
Abnormal eggs with respiratory signs
Gassing, sneezing, coughing, cheesy exudate at tracheal bifurcation causes asphyxia and dyspnea
What does apergillus cause in chicks?
Brooder pneumonia
Air sac granulomas
How does an egg appear when infected with aspergillus?
Embryo will have green colour when candled
