Food Animal Urology 2 Flashcards
UTIs are primarily ascending infections resulting form?
Stagnation of urge flow from dehydration Downer cows Infected urachus Cystotomy tubes Trauma from uroliths
Clinical signs of UTI/pyelonephritis
Ill thrift Fever Vague colic signs Stranguria Purulent material or blood in urine
Treatment of UTI/pyelonephritis?
Culture and sensitivity is important for antibiotic selection
Penicillin and B lactams are a good initial choice
— continue for an extended period
Promoting diuresis is important to flush urinary tract
Bacteria responsible for contagious bovine pyelonephritis ?
Corynebacterium renale
Clinical signs of contagious bovine pyelonephritis ?
Hematuria
Pollakiuria
Pyuria
Thickened bladder wall
Enlarged ureters
Painful kidney
Treatment for contagious bovine pyelonephritis ?
Penicillin, high dose for at least 2 weeks
Nephrectomy if only one kidney is involved
Prognosis is poor
Pathogenesis of C.renale?
Hydrolzyes urea to form ammonia in urine of animals on high protein diet which excretes high levels of urea
Ammonia irritates skin —> maceration and ulceration
May spread into preputial cavity
Swelling and preputial prolapse
Can lead to stenosis and phimosis, or distort vulvar comminuted
Treatment for ulcerative posthitis/vulvitis?
Debride and emollient antibacterial ointment
Dry environment
Penicillin
Reduce protein in the diet
“Petercillin”
—lanolin
—scarlet oil
—oxytetracycline
What bacteria is assoicated with necrotic posthitis?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
—usually in wet feedlot pens
Treatment of necrotic posthitis?
Debride and emollient antibacterial ointment
Dry environment
Penicillin
Good prognosis if caught early
What is the cause of “thin sow syndrome”
Corynebacterium suis
What does cornybacterium suis cause and how would you treat it?
Cystitis and pyelonephritis
Penicillin
Chronic infectous with Leptospirosis causes??
Interstitial nephritis
Pomona and grippotyphosa causes severe hemolytic disease, intersitial nephritis, and tubular necrosis in calves
Diagnoses of lepto?
Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT)
Dark field microscopy, immunofluorescent antibody test, and PCR — renal tissue, urine, or urine sediment
Culture is difficult.
Treatment for lepto?
Tetracycline and penicillins
Prevention of lepto?
Vaccination
Remove access to standing water and minimize rodent and wildlife exposure
ZOONOTIC
What metals are nephrotoxic?
Arsenic Mercury Lead Zinc Copper
What antimicrobials can be nephrotoxic?
Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Sulfonamides Ionophores NSAIDS
What plants are nephrotoxic agents?
Pigweed (amarantus retroflexus) Bracken fern Easter Lilly (lilium) Oak (quercus) Cocklebur (xanthium spp)
If a animal ingests pigweed, what usually is the cause of death?
Hyperkalemia
Chronic ingestion of bracken fern causes _________
Transitional cell carcinoma and intermittent hematuria
What are clinical signs of bracken fern toxicity?
Multiple animals affected with hematuria and anemia
On rectal palp — thickened bladder
US — thick bladder without intramural masses protruding into the lumen
What is the toxic principe of oak?
Tannin or gallotanin
Clinical signs of oak poisoning?
Hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, precipitation of proteins
—gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, edema, renal lesions
What are your two differentials for hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, edema, and diarrhea ?
Renal amyloidosis
Jones disease
What common congenital defects can affect the urinary system?
Patent urachus (commonly occurs following C section)
Urachal abscess (usually at proximal end) — A pyogenes, Ecoli, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus.
Polycystic kidney — unilateral can mask dz, bilateral calves often are still births
Renal oxalosis — deposits in fetal glomeruli, tubules, and collecting ducts
Urachal vestiges — persistent or infected
Signs of a urachal vestiges?
Dysuria
Pollakiuria
Stranguria
Treat with surgical removal
Neoplasms of the external genitalia?
Fibropaapilloma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Neoplasms of the kidney?
Lymphosarcoma
Adenoma
Nephroblastoma
