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Animal Science > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

poultry

A

chicken, turkey, ducks

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2
Q

gross annual income

A

over $45 billion
66.4% broilers, 19.1 eggs, 11.4 turkey, 3.1 other poultry

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3
Q

birth of vertical integration

A

chicken price declined
producers began to rely in feed company as source of credit
feed dealers began to depend on feed manufacturers as source of credit
feed suppliers and manufactures began to acquire hatcheries and processors

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4
Q

egg industry

A

90 million eggs annually
65% fresh, the rest is for manufacturing of other foods

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5
Q

United States broiler production

A

georiga, alabama, arkansas, north carolina, mississippi

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6
Q

feed efficiency

A

very feed efficient
broilers : 45% feed protein- protein in versus protein out
eggs: 33%
2:1 feed efficiency

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7
Q

non-meat poultry products

A

fertile eggs used in preparation of vaccines
eggs used in making pharmaceuticals, paints, varnishes, adhesives, and printer’s ink
feathers for down
chicks for research

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8
Q

evolutionary ancestors

A

all current breeds of domestic chickens are descended from the red jungle fowl

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9
Q

breeds

A

divided into class, breed, and then variety (based on colors or markings within same breed)

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10
Q

White Plymouth Rock

A

dual purpose breeds lay brown eggs used mostly for meat production
very muscular, larger body size, white feathers -easier to pick clean, quick gains
broilers: approximately 8 weeks old and 5.5 pounds

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11
Q

White Leghorn

A

single comb, known for egg production, angular
hens lay 250 or more eggs per year
mostly white shell eggs but sometimes brown- regionality

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12
Q

bronze turkey

A

black plumage, largest size

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13
Q

large white turkey

A

90% of turkeys are this variety, similar to bronze but white in color, produced in warmer climates

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14
Q

small white turkey

A
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15
Q

young turkey

A

poult

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16
Q

mature male turkey

A

tom

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17
Q

older turkey chick

A

pullet

18
Q

broody

A

mothering behavior in hens where they are choosing to sit on eggs and incubate them

19
Q

battery cage

A

a system of housing poultry in rows of cages in an environmentally controlled building

20
Q

beak trimming

A

the practice of removing the tip of the beak from young chicks to prevent injury to other chicks

21
Q

brooder

A

a housing unit that includes a heating device to keep young chicks warm
supplemental heat needed, brooder rings, litter for bedding, self feeding, feeders and waterers are hung from ceiling

22
Q

coop

A

enclosure to keep small flocks

23
Q

hatchability

A

the percentage of fertilized eggs that hatch

24
Q

hatchery

A

a business that sells fertilized eggs ready to be moved to different parts of the production system

25
Q

housing poultry

A

55-75 F is optimal
moisture: water spilled, water in inflowing air, and water vapor from the birds
ventilation

26
Q

breeding flocks

A

restricted feeding- maximize fertility
1 male- 10-15 females
housed on litter, nesting boxes
hatchery

27
Q

broiler production

A

automatic feed and waterers, high grain diets, rapid average daily gain, feed efficiency important (1.8lbs feed to 1lb of gain)

28
Q

turkey production

A

require more management, need more space and time
marketed 15-20 weeks

29
Q

duck production

A

fast growing, 7lb in 6-7 weeks, like water- more moisture n

30
Q

egg production systems

A

conventional, cage free, pasture raised, free-range
-pasteurized
-omega-3 enriched

31
Q

top US states for egg production

A

iowa, ohio, illinois, pennsylvania, texas, georgia, michigan, north carolina, arkansas, california

32
Q

per capita consumption of eggs

A

increased 15% in the past 20 years

33
Q

nutritional value

A

high quality protein
rich in vitamins: A, D, E, folic acid, riboflavin, B12
minerals

34
Q

composition

A

shell, air cell, shell membrane(inner and outer), thin albumen (white), thick albumen (white), yolk, vitelline membrane of yolk, germinal disc, chalazae (anchors yolk in the center of the egg)

35
Q

shell formation

A

composed of mostly calcium carbonate (94%)
shell strength is greatly by diet of hen

36
Q

grading

A

grade AA- stands tall, yolk is firm and the area covered by the white is small

37
Q

laying hens

A

about 18 weeks of age

38
Q

factors that influence egg production

A

genetic pattern of the breed of hen, hen’s age at egg-laying maturity (too young-smaller eggs), light control, feed quality, temperature and humidity (57-79F, 40-60%), replace or molting the flock

39
Q

egg storage

A

refrigerated 40-45F with high relative humidity (85%)

40
Q

feathers and down

A

small, soft feathers found beneath the outer feathers of ducks and geese
pillows, quilts, jackets

41
Q

top exporters

A

united states, brazil

42
Q

woody breast syndrom

A

breat meat is very tough

Animal Science (13 decks)

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