Health and Disease

Question 1

types of disease

Answer 1

noninfectious, infectious, and parasitic

Question 2

noninfectious disease

Answer 2

mechanical: wounds (route for pathogen invasion)
digestive: bloat, acidosis in rumen
toxins: chemicals (lead, nitrates), plants (hemlock, nightshade)
nutritional: vitamin, mineral issues
abnormal growth: cancer

Question 3

infectious diseases

Answer 3

virus: may pass directly or via vector
bacteria: microscopic, single celled, causes damage via production of toxins
protozoa: single celled, microscopic cells, larger than bacteria
fungi: single or multiple celled low order plants

Question 4

parasites

Answer 4

ectoparasites: external parasites, often vectors for many diseases
fleas, flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes, ticks
endoparasites: internal parasites, worms
ascarids/large roundworms, bots, heartworms, strongyles, tapeworms

Question 5

lesion

Answer 5

changes in body organs; included size, color, or shape of an organ including tumors and abscesses

Question 6

pathology

Answer 6

the study of the essential nature of disease

Question 7

etiology

Answer 7

the cause of disease or the study of cause of disease

Question 8

requirements for infectious diease

Answer 8

the pathogen must be able to gain entrance into the body
once there, it must be able to adapt to the host environment and multiply
at some point, it must be able to exit the host and infect another host

Question 9

diagnosis of disease

Answer 9

to identify the cause of the clinical signs that an animal is exhibiting so a treatment can be devised
in a herd situation, early diagnosis may prevent or limit the transmission

Question 10

the immune system

Answer 10

the bodies ability to prevent sickness
levels of protection are provided by: the skin, mucous membranes, lining of GI tract, antibody production
antibodies are protein molecules that are able to recognize harmful organisms and prevent them from harming the body

Question 11

passive immunity

Answer 11

passed from mother to offspring during gestation or from colostrum (first milk: super high in proteins, super high in antibodies)
short term immunity (protection) and protection from the organisms dam was exposed to

Question 12

active immunity

Answer 12

animal’s own immune system
when antibodies are produced by the animal from exposure to an organism or vaccination

Question 13

prevention

Answer 13

the key to keeping animals healthy

Question 14

prevention management

Answer 14

consult specialists
stay current on new management systems
curved shoot- Temple Grandin

Question 15

nutrition

Answer 15

balanced rations-specie specific
proper body condition score (BCS)
fresh, clean water (no contaminants)
reduce metabolic problems
-milk fever (calcium from body to lactate, loss in the body), urinary calcuil (like kidney stones), ketosis (not enough nutrient reserves, breaking down body tissue)
-grass tetanty (magnesium problems) , aflotoxins, nitrate poisoning
-colic, founder

Question 16

genetics

Answer 16

eliminate animals with problems
sheep and goats: scrapie (neurologic disease like CWD and mad cow), spider lamb syndrome)
cattle: curly calf syndrome (in angus cattle)
pigs: PSS (porcine stress syndrome)
horses: hyperkalemic periodic paralysis disease (HyPP)

Question 17

animal identification

Answer 17

traceability of animal for good record keeping
-ear tag
-microchip
-tattoo