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IM 2 > Potassiun 💗 - Exam 5 > Flashcards

Potassiun 💗 - Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Potassium is a Major electrolyte in — fluid

A

Intracellular

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2
Q

Potassium Maintains what 2 things?

A

Heart and muscle contraction

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3
Q

Potassium is regulated by what

A

Kidneys and aldosterone

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4
Q

Increased K+ in the cell what happens to H?

A

Moves out of the cell

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5
Q

Increased H+ in the cell what happens to K+?

A

K+ moves out of the cell

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6
Q

What is our main source of K+ ?

A

Diet

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7
Q

Low potassium causes what toxicity?

A

Digoxin toxicity

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8
Q

Using diuretics with digoxin is an increased risk for what

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Lab value ranges for K

A

3.5-5.0

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10
Q

Water retention causing hemodilution

A

Corticosteroids

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11
Q

Increased secretion of aldosterone is a sign of what syndrome?

A

Cushings

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12
Q

Aldosterone excretes what through what

A

Potassium through the kidneys

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13
Q

If you have higher levels of aldosterone what happens to potassium

A

Causes more potassium excretion

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14
Q

Hypokalemia causes GI loss - what are some examples

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged NG suction

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15
Q

Hypokalemia causes excessive what

A

Diaphoresis

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16
Q

In hypokalemia what is located inside the cell

A

H and K

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17
Q

In alkalosis, there is less what in the blood

A

H+

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18
Q

When there is less H+ in the blood this causes what?

A

H to shift out of cells and K to shift into cells

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19
Q

Excess insulin moves what into cell

A

K

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20
Q

A patient has severe hypokalemia <2.5
What in cardiovascular conditions should we watch for

A
  • torsades de pointes **
  • irregular apical HR
  • lethal dysrhythmias
  • bradycardia **
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21
Q

What are 6 ways we can lose potassium?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. Cushings ~ increased secretion of aldosterone
  4. GI loss
  5. Excessive Diaphoresis
  6. Kidney disease
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22
Q

A patient has severe hypokalemia <2.5 what neuromuscular signs would we watch for?

A
  • confusion, lethargy
  • muscle weakness ***
  • diminished DTRs
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23
Q

A patient has severe hypokalemia <2.5 what GI symptoms would we watch for?

A

Constipation

24
Q

In a patient with hypokalemia you are doing a GI assessment and the bowel sounds are absent what might the patient have?

A

Paralytic ileus

25
Q

Portion of bowel not moving and can lead to small bowel obstruction

A

Paralytic ileus

26
Q

This interval means heart is taking longer to electronically charge for the next heartbeat

A

Long QT interval

27
Q

A patient had a syncope episode what might have been the reason why?

A

Long QT interval

28
Q

What other electrolyte level should we check with hypokalemia ?

A

Magnesium

29
Q

Why should we check magnesium level with hypokalemia?

A

Mg+ exacerbates K+ losses so we must correct Mg+ first to correct K+

30
Q

Irregular QRS complexes appearing to wrap around the EKG baseline

A

Torsades de Pointes

31
Q

T wave inversion
ST depression
Prominent U wave

A

Hypokalemia

32
Q

Peaked T waves
P wave flattening
PR prolongation
Wide QRS complex

A

Hyperkalemia

33
Q

What two things do we monitor in a patient with hypokalemia ?

A

Cardiac and respiratory status

34
Q

What can we administer to help with hypokalemia?

A

Supplements orally or IV

35
Q

What is big with administering potassium?

A

Give it slowly! Can be lethal when given to fast

36
Q

If a patient with hypokalemia is taking a diuretic- what do we need to do?

A

May need to stop the diuretics

37
Q

What drug is a potassium sparing diuretic

A

Spironolactone

38
Q

If you are giving potassium to a patient what must you give with it everytime!

A

Food

39
Q

How is Iv potassium given

A

It’s diluted and administered using an infusion pump

40
Q

In Hyperkalemia H and K are located where

A

Inside the cell

41
Q

In acidosis there is more H in where? What syndrome is this related to?

A

More H in blood : Hyperkalemia

42
Q

I’m acidosis there is more H+ in blood this causes H+ to shift into where?

What condition is this?

A

Into the cells : Hyperkalemia

43
Q

In acidosis, there is more H+ in the blood this causes H+ to shift into the cells and K+ shifts where?

What condition is this related to?

A

K+ shifts out of the cells

Hyperkalemia

44
Q

A patients potassium level is >6.5 what condition is this?

A

Severe Hyperkalemia

45
Q

A patients potassium is >8.5 what condition is this?

A

Lethal Hyperkalemia

46
Q

In a patient with Hyperkalemia, what in the cardiovascular area do we watch out for?

A
  • low BP
  • dysrhthmias ** - vfib and cardiac standstill
47
Q

In a patient with Hyperkalemia what in the GI area do we watch out for?

A

Increased motility ~ hyperactive bowels
Diarrhea ***

48
Q

A patient with Hyperkalemia has muscle weakness this can result in

A

Paralysis and respiratory arrest

49
Q

Peaked narrow T wave
St segment depressed
Prolonged PR interval

A

Hyperkalemia EKG reading

50
Q

In mild Hyperkalemia what interventions does the nurse need to be apart of

A
  1. Monitor cardiac rhythm changes
  2. Restrict K+ in diet
  3. Diuretics
  4. Kayexalate
  5. Stop any medication causing an increase in K
  6. Dialysis
51
Q

In a patient with severe >6.5 Hyperkalemia what IV med can we give ?

A

Calcium gluconate 10% IV

52
Q

What does Ca+ Gluconate protect the heart from

A

Myocardial irritability

53
Q

How long do we give Ca Gluconate ?

A

3-5 minutes

54
Q

What must we monitor in a patient when we are giving Ca Gluconate?

A

Place patient on monitor for dysthymias
Monitor BP and HR

55
Q

Hypertonic glucose and insulin move …

A

Excess K into the cells

56
Q

NaHCO3 does what with K

A

K shifts into the cell and raises pH

IM 2 (17 decks)

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