Phosphorus - Exam 5 Flashcards
Phosphorus levels
2.4-4.5 mg/dl
What is phosphorus regulated by?
Parathyroid and calcitrol
Main functions of phosphorus
- regulated by parathyroid and calcitriol
- helps regulate calcium
- cellular metabolism and energy production through ATP
- essential for bone and teeth
Phosphorus is essential for
Bone and teeth
Level for Hypophosphatemia
<2.4
Insufficient phosphorus intake leads to what ?
- malnutrition
- starvation
- refeeding syndrome
Fatal shift of fluids and electrolytes that may occur in malnourished patients
Refeeding syndrome
Increased phosphorus excretion causes
- hypoparathyroidism
- malignancy
- diuretics and diarrhea
- use of magnesium based or aluminum based antacids
- increase Ca+ depletes phosphorus
Calcium rises and phosphorus drops
Hyperparathyroidism
In a patient with Hypophosphatemia what do we look out for in cardiovascular
Decreased BP and HR
In a patient with Hypophosphatemia what do we look for in GI
Hypoactive bowel sounds
In a patient with Hypophosphatemia what do we look for in GU
Kidney stones
In a patient with Hypophosphatemia what do we look for in neurological
Altered LOC
Decreased DTR
In a patient with Hypophosphatemia what do we look for in musculoskeletal
Severe muscle weakness
What are patients at risk for in hypophosphatemia
Bone pain and fractures because of the inverse relationship with calcium
What interventions do we do with a patient with hypophosphatemia
- replace phosphorus IV or PO
- administer oral phosphorus via vitamin D
How do you administer phosphorus via IV
Slow if severely low
What precautions are patients with hypophosphatemia
Fracture precautions
Levels of Hyperphosphatemia
> 4.5mg/dl
Causes of Hyperphosphatemia
- increase phosphorus intake
- overuse of laxatives and enemas with phosphorus
- decreased excretion of P due to renal insufficiency
- hypoparathyroidism
- Hypocalcemia
Patients with Hyperphosphatemia what do we need to look for in neuromuscular
- irritable skeletal muscles
- painful muscle spasms in calf or foot
- trousseaus and Chvosteks
- hyperactive DTRs
- osteoporosis
Patients with Hyperphosphatemia what do we look for in GI
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Diarrhea
What interventions do we do for phosphate?
Same as Hypocalcemia
