Lab Values - Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Why are lab values used for?
A
- screening
- diagnosis
- monitoring
2
Q
What are factors that affect lab values?
A
- age
- gender
- race
- pregnancy
- food ingestion
3
Q
CBC
A
Complete blood count
4
Q
Erythrocyte count (RBC) - value
A
3.89- 5.40 M/uL
5
Q
RBC count
A
The number of circulating RBCs in blood
6
Q
These carry oxygen?
A
RBCS
7
Q
Contain hemoglobin molecules
A
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
8
Q
Hemoglobin - value
A
12-16 g/dL
9
Q
Measurement of the total amount of Hgb in the blood
A
Hemoglobin
10
Q
Hematocrit -value
A
37.0-47.0
11
Q
Indirect measurement of RBC number and volume
A
Hematocrit
12
Q
Part of routine testing and anemia testing
A
Hematocrit
13
Q
Critical value for hematocrit
A
<15%- >60%
14
Q
Women usually have a lower value in this
A
Hematocrit
15
Q
Decrease number in RBCs
A
Anemia
16
Q
If a patient has impaired RBC production, blood loss, or RBC destruction
OR
a combination of all three what does this patient have?
A
Anemia
17
Q
Platelet count - value
A
150,000
18
Q
Formed in the bone marrow
A
Platelets
19
Q
If platelets are less than 100,00 what is a patient at risk for?
A
Bleeding
20
Q
Platelets count >1million
A
Risk of clotting
21
Q
Platelet count >600,000
A
Potential problems
22
Q
Platelet count below 50,000
A
High risk of bleeding
23
Q
High platelet count name
A
Thrombocytosis
24
Q
Low platelet count name
A
Thrombocytopenia
25
Total WBCs value
3.6 -10.8 K/uL
26
Part of routine testing on CBC
Total WBCs
27
White cell differential count
% of each type of leukocyte present in specimen
28
High WBC name
Leukocytosis
29
Low WBC name
Leukopenia
30
Measurement of % of each WBC type in the blood
WBC differential
31
Normal value - neutrophils (WBC)
50-70%
32
Normal value- lymphocytes (WBC)
20-40%
33
Normal value - monocytes (WBC)
2-8%
34
Normal value - Eosinophils (WBC)
1-4%
35
Normal value- Basophils (WBC)
0.5-1.0%
36
Leukocytosis
Abnormally large number of leukocytes
37
Lymphocytosis
Form of actual or relative leukocytosis due to increase in numbers of lymphocytes
38
Left shift
Increase in the number of immature neutrophils (bands/stabs) found in the blood
39
What makes up the comprehensive metabolic panel?
- glucose
- calcium
- sodium
- chloride
- potassium
- CO2
- BUN
- creatinine
PLUS
ALP, AST, ALT, Bili, total protein, albumin, Globulin
40
Basic (BMP)
- kidney function
- blood glucose
- acid/base balance
- electrolyte imbalance
41
Comprehensive (CMP)
- BMP PLUS
- blood proteins
- liver function
42
What’s included in the BMP plus?
- albumin
- total protein
- ALP
- AST
- ALT
- Bili
43
Blood urea nitrogen value
10-20 mg/dL
44
Creatinine value
0.5-1.1 mg/dL
45
Glucose value
70-110 mg/dL
46
Calcium value
9-10.8 mg/dL
47
Chloride value
98-106 mmol/L
48
Potassium value
3.5-5.0 mmol/L
49
Sodium value
136-145 mEq/L
50
Blood sugar
Glucose test
51
Direct measurement of blood glucose level
Glucose test
52
High glucose lvl name
Hyperglycemia
53
Low glucose lvl name
Hypoglycemia
54
Blood test used to monitor diabetes and the treatment of diabetes
A1C
55
This test tells the average blood glucose lvl of the last 3 months
A1C
56
Non diabetic “normal” range
4-5.9%
57
Good diabetic control range
<7%
58
Fair diabetic control range
8-9%
59
Poor diabetic control range
>9%
60
-Major cation in the extra cellular space
- balance between dietary sodium intake and renal excretion
What test am I?
Sodium 135-145 mEq/L
61
High sodium name
Hypernatremia
62
Low sodium name
Hyponatremia
63
Important to cardiac function
Potassium 3.5-5.1
64
High potassium name
Hyperkalemia
65
Low potassium name
Hypokalemia
66
Major extracellular anion
Transport is passive and usually follows sodium
Chloride
67
High for chloride
Hyperchloremia
68
Low chloride
Hypochloremia
69
Bicarbonate value
20-30 mEq/L
70
Major role in acid/base balance
Regulated by kidneys
Used to evaluate pH status and electrolytes
Bicarbonate
71
Critical value of bicarbonate
<6 mEq/L
72
Calcium value
7.6-10.4 mg/dL
73
Used to evaluate parathyroid function and calcium metabolism
Calcium
74
Used to monitor patients with renal failure, renal, transplantation, hyperparathyroidism, and various malignancies, monitor calcium levels during and after large volume blood transfusions
Calcium
75
High- calcium
Hypercalcemia
76
Low- calcium
Hypocalcemia
77
Phosphorus level
3.0-4.5
78
Assist in the interpretation of parathyroid and calcium abnormalities
Phosphorus
79
High- phosphorus
Hyperphosphatemia
80
Low- phosphorus
Hypophosphatemia
81
Magnesium level
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
82
Around half of it in the bone
Magnesium
83
Important in calcium metabolism, and closely tied to calcium levels
Magnesium
84
Monitor EKG
Magnesium
85
Total protein level
6.4-8.3
86
Combination of pre-albumin, albumin, and globulins
Total protein
87
What tests go along with the hepatic functions
- albumin
- AST
- Alk phos
- ALT
- Bili total
- direct Bili
- ammonia
88
Albumin level
3.5- 5.0
89
A protein formed and synthesized within the liver
Albumin
90
Comprises of 60% of total protein in blood
Albumin
91
Regulates osmotic pressure
Albumin
92
Transports blood, hormones, enzymes, and drugs
Albumin
93
Hepatic function and nutritional state
Albumin
94
ALP lvl
30-120 u/L
95
Detect and monitor diseases of liver and bone
ALP
96
ALT lvl
4-36 u/L
97
Predominantly found in the liver
ALT
98
Injury or disease affecting the liver parenchyma causes the release of ALT into the bloodstream
ALT
99
Used to identify and monitor hepatocellular disease of the liver
ALT
100
AST lvl
0-35 u/L
101
Found in very high concentrations within Harley but if all of tissues
- Liver and muscle cells, heart, muscle cells, Skeletal muscle cells
AST
102
Disease/injury of one of these tissues causes dying of cells, and released into bloodstream
AST
103
Elevation proportional to number of cells injuries
AST
104
Used for evaluation of patients with suspected hepatocellular diseases
AST
105
Unconjugated Bilirubin lvl
0.02-0.08 mg/dL
106
Level of indirect bilirubin in blood
Unconjugated Bili
107
Conjugated bilirubin level
0.1-0.3 mg/dL
108
Level of direct bilirubin in blood
Conjugated bilirubin
109
Kidney function tests
- BUN
- creatinine
110
BUN - blood urea nitrogen level
10-20 mg /dL
111
Kidney and liver function
BUN test
112
End product of protein metabolism - produced in the liver
BUN test
113
Indirect and rough measurement of renal function and glomerular filtration rate
BUN test
114
Creatinine lvl
0.5-1.1 mg/dL
115
Excreted entirely by kidneys
Creatinine
116
Direct measure of renal function
Creatinine
117
Critical value for creatinine
>4 mg/dL
118
Amylase lvl
<130 u/L
119
Pancreatic test helpful in evaluation of abdominal pain
Amylase
120
Lipase lvl
< 160 u/L
121
Enzyme secreted by pancreas into small intestine
Lipase
122
Helps break down triglycerides into fatty acid
Lipase
123
Highly specific for pancreatic diseases
Lipase
124
pH of urine
4.6-8.0
125
Protein in urine
0-8 mg/dL
126
Specific gravity in urine
1.005-1.030
127
WBCs in urine
0-4
128
RBCs in urine
<2
129
24 hour urine
Collection of urine for 24hrs
130
To start the 24 hour urine what do you do with the first void?
Discard
131
Where do you store the 24 hour urine?
On ice or fridge
132
How long can urine sit at room temp?
1 hour
133
Monitor kidney function
Urinary protein
134
Normally not present in normal kidney due to size barrier in glomerulus
Urinary protein
135
How long does PT clotting factor take to clot blood and when is it critical?
11.0-13.0 seconds - normal value
>20 seconds - critical value
136
INR Clotting times- normal and critical
0.8-1.5seconds - normal
>5.5 seconds - critical
137
PTT - clotting time
30-45seconds
138
Peak
Highest amount of medication in the body
- level 1 1/2 hours after IVPB
139
Trough
Lowest amount of medication in the body
- level 30min prior to dose
140
Therapeutic lvl
Right amount of medication in the body
141
Culture & sensitivity test
Urine, blood, wound drainage, tissues, and devices
142
Obtain specimen prior to antibiotic treatment before which test?
C&S
143
What is the preliminary report for C&S time?
24hours
144
Final report time for C&S
72 hours
145
How long does it take for a fungus culture to come back?
Up to 6 weeks
146
Culture may be performed after
Therapy completion
147
Always collect this first
Blood culture
148
What two things are crucial in obtaining a blood culture
- site prep
- aseptic technique
149
Obtain 2 separate BC from
2 different sites
150
What is preferred over central line sites
Venipuncture
