Potassium and Magnesium Imbalance Flashcards
Hyperkalemia
- Drugs
ACE/ARB/Renin Inhibitors
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
MRA
NSAIDs
Beta-Blockers
Digoxin
Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Hypokalemia
- Signs and Symptoms
Mild:
- Asymptomatic
Moderate:
- Muscle Cramps, Weakness, Malaise, Myalgias
Severe:
- ECG changes, Arrhythmias, Cramping, Impaired Muscle Contraction
Hypomagnesemia
- Treatment
Oral Supplementation
Hyperkalemia
- Treatments (Mild-Moderate)
Dietary Changes
Change Drug Therapey
Furosemide
Hypokalemia
- Causes
Total Body Deficit
- Poor diet
- Excessive loss
Potassium shifts into intracellular compartment
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Diuretics
- Insulin
- Beta 2 Receptor Agonists (Epinephrine, Salmeterol)
Hypermagnesemia
- Symptoms
- Lethargy
- Confusion
- Muscle Weakness
- Dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia
- Signs and Symptoms
Mild:
- Asymptomatic
Moderate:
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
Severe:
- Cardiac Arrhythmias, Weakness, Ascending Paralysis, Respiratory Failures
Hypomagnesemia
- Causes
GI
- Increased loss
- Reduced absorption
Renal
- Glomerulonephritis
- Drug Induced (Aminoglycosides, Diuretics)
Hyperkalemia
- Treatments (Severe)
Calcium
Sodium Bicarbonate
Furosemide
Insulin
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
Hemodialysis (Last Resort)
Hyperkalemia
- Causes
Overcorrection of Hypokalemia
Decreased Potassium Excretion
- Renal Failure
- Adrenal Insufficiency
Potassium shifts into extracellular space
- Metabolic Acidosis
Drug Induced
Hypokalemia
- Treatments
Potassium Bicarbonate
Potassium Phosphate
Potassium Chloride (Oral/IV)
Hypermagnesemia
- Causes
Antacids and Laxatives
Hypomagnesemia
- Signs and Symptoms
Cardiovascular
- Heart Palpitations
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Widening of QRS Complex
- Sudden Cardiac Death
Neuromuscular
- Tetany
- Twitching
- Generalized Convulsions
- Chvostek Sign and Trousseau Sign
Hypermagnesemia
- Treatment
Reduce Magnesium intake
Furosemide
Calcium IV
