Hematology, Liver, GI Lab Flashcards
Agranular WBC
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Liver Function Tests
Albumin
Clotting Factor
Anemia Lab Tests
Ferritin
Vit B12
Folic Acid
Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
- What
- Where
- Meaning
Biliary excretory enzyme
Kidney, Spleen, Heart, Brain
- NOT bone or placenta
Concurrent rise with ALP indicate hepatobiliary disease
Rise in GGT = Alcohol abuse
C-Reactive Protein
Rapid test for inflammation
GI Lab Values
Digestive Enzymes
- Amylase
- Lipase
Indication of:
- Poor exocrine function of pancreas
- Blockage of ducts / gallbladder problem
- Inflammation / blockage of salivary gland
- Chronic kidney disease
Neutrophils
Segmented
- Phagocytosis
- Release proteins to destroy foreign stuff
Band
- Small amount of Immature cells. Increases in proportion during infections
Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase
Metabolic enzyme present in almost every tissue
- Elevated levels indicate cell damage
(Liver disease, lung disease, lymphoma)
Liver Injury Tests
Aminotransferases (AST and ALT)
Low Albumin
Chronic Liver Disease
Peripheral Edema and Ascites (Low Osmotic Pressure)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
Average concentration of hemoglobin per volume of RBC
- Hypochromic, Normochromic, Hyperchromic
MCHC = Hgb / Hct
Eosinophils
Allergic
Lymphocyte
B-Cell
- Transform into plasma cells to produce antibodies
T-Cell
- Cell mediated immune response
Reticulocyte Count
Amount of immature RBC
Reflects bone marrow production of RBC
- Good for diagnosis of anemia
What is Cholestasis
Accumulation of substances that would normally be excreted by the liver into bile
Aminotransferase
Assist with protein metabolism and metabolic processes in general
ALT - Specific for liver injury
AST - Other parts of the body (muscle injury)
Red Blood Cell Indices
Information on Size and Hemoglobin content
- Calculated from RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit
Ferritin Lab Value
Stored Iron Complex
- How much iron stored in the body
Iron Deficiency = Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Assessing ALP and GGT
High ALP + High GGT
- Hepatic Source
High ALP + Low GGT
- Non-Hepatic Source
Alkaline Phosphatase
- What
- Where
- Meaning
Transporter that moves metabolites past cell membrane
Placenta, Bone, GI cells
Cholestasis enhances ALP as there is a blockage
Cholestasis Identification Tests
Alkaline Phosphatase
Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
Vit B12 Lab Value
Vit B12 Deficiency = Low Stomach Acid
Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia
Complete Blood Count
Number of each type of Blood Cell
- Platelet
- RBC
- WBC
Red Cell Distribution Width
Cell Size Distribution
Complete Count With Differential
Number of each type of Blood Cell
- Platelet
- RBC
- Different types of WBC
Symptoms of Cholestasis
- Jaundice
- Pruritus
- Xanthomas
- Malabsorption of Fat Soluble Vitamins
- Anorexia
Monocytes
Mature into macrophages
Can also develop into foam cell if clearing lipids
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Average weight of hemoglobin in RBC
MCH = Hgb / RBC Count
Bilirubin
Produced when Liver breaks down RBC
High Bilirubin indicates jaundice
When do we need dosage adjustments
Compromised liver function + drug with high first pass metabolism
Compromised liver function + drug that requires activation by liver
Low Clotting Factors
Excessive bleeding
Folic Acid Lab Value
Involved in maturation of RBC
Low Vit B12 is followed by low Folic Acid
Basophils
Develop into mast cells
Contains:
- Heparin (Anticlotting)
- Histamines (Promote allergic response)
- Proteolytic Enzymes
Non-Specific Markers Tests
Bilirubin
Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase
Granular WBC
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
What medication therapies require looking at Liver Lab Values
HIV medications
Tuberculosis medications
Rheumatoid Arthritis medications
Statins
Isotretinoin
Or if patient is experiencing jaundice
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Rate blood falls in a tube (Sedimentation Rate)
- Should very slow
Inflamed blood will fall faster (Higher sedimentation rate)
Mean Corpuscular Volume
Average Size of RBC
- Normocytic, Microcytic, Macrocytic
MCV = Hct / RBC Count
