Endocrine and Cardiovascular Lab Flashcards
What is released from Heart when its damaged
Protein and Enzyme
Hypopituitarism
- Kind of condition
- Lab Values
Adrenal Insufficiency
- Pituitary gland dont release CRH
Low ACTH
Low Cortisol
Adrenal Lab Values and Time of Day
Reference values depend on the time of day
Cushing’s Disease (Pituitary Adenoma)
- Kind of condition
- Lab Values
High ACTH
High Cortisol
3 Types of Lipids
Cholesterol (Major building resource - Cell membranes, hormones)
- Marker of heart disease
Triglycerides (Energy Source)
- Muscles
Phospholipids (make up all cell membrane)
Hyperthyroidism (8)
- Symptoms
- Weight Loss
- Heat Intolerance
- Palpitations
- Tremors
- Nervousness
- Sweating
- Muscle Weakness
- Goiter
Hypothyroidism (6)
- Symptoms
- Weight Gain
- Dry Skin
- Cold Intolerance
- Constipation
- Menstrual Irregularities
- Fatigue
Cushing’s Disease
(Adrenal Adenoma)
Low ACTH
High Cortisol
Clotting Cascade Pathways
Intrinsic and Extrinsic paths
- Leads to two different kinds of lab values
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Sample taken 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load
Hypothyroidism Lab Values
High TSH
Low T4
Random Blood Glucose
Sample from Nonfasting state
Hemoglobin A1c
Average blood glucose levels over last 2-3 months
Lipid Flagging Limits
- Total Cholesterol
- HDL
- Literally Everything Else
- Should be low
- Should be high
- Should be low
INR: PT / Control
High = Clots too slow
Low = Clots too fast
Cardiac Injury Lab Values
Cardiac Proteins
- Troponin I, High Sense
- Troponin T, High Sense
Cardiac Kinase
- Creatine Kinase MB
Prothrombin Time
How long it takes for blood to clot
- Helps access liver function
- Measures more factors than PTT
Extrinsic
Fasting Blood Glucose
No food consumed in last 8 hours
Partial Thromboplastin Time
Measure how long it takes for blood to clot
Used to monitor effects of unfractionated heparin
Intrinsic (Excludes Factor VII and XIII)
- Measures less factors than PT
Adrenal Excess
- Symptoms
- Weight Gain
- Redistribution of Fat
- Hypertension
- Hirsutism
Cushing’s DIsease
(Excess Glucocorticoid Steroid Use)
Low ACTH
Low Cortisol
Coagulation Process
Platelet Activation
- Forms a plug
Fibrin Formation
- Platelet release clotting factors, creates fibrin, stabilizes plug, creates insoluble clot
Causes of Creatine Kinase Increase
Skeletal
- Vigorous Exercise, Trauma, Rhabdomyolysis
Cardiac
- Myocarditis, Acute Myocardial Infarction
Drugs that affect thyroid function (7)
Lithium
Amiodarone
Carbamazepine
Corticosteroids
Oral Contraceptives
Phenytoin
Propranolol
Different kinds of Creatine Kinase
BB - Brain
MB - Cardiac Tissue
MM - Cardiac and Skeletel
Adrenal Insufficiency (6)
- Symptoms
- Weakness
- Lethargy
- Fatigue
- Anorexia
- Weight Loss
- Hypoglycemia
Kinds of lipoproteins
HDL: Remove cholesterol
- Good
LDL: Moves fat and some protein
- Bad
VLDL: Moves triglycerides
- Bad
Hyperthyroidism Lab Values
Low TSH
High T4
Platelet Conditions
Thrombocytopenia
- Low Platelet
Thrombocytosis
- High Platelet
Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Insufficiency
Weakness, Lethargy, Fatigue, Anorexia, Weight Loss, Hypoglycemia
Addison’s Disease
- Kind of condition
- Lab Values
Adrenal Insufficiency
- Adrenal glands dont release cortisol
High ACTH
Low Cortisol
T3 vs T4
T4 more abundant
T3 more potent
Coagulation Conditions
Vitamin K Deficiency
- Malnutrition
- Fat Malabsorption
- Anticoagulants (Warfarin)
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
Addition of an activator to accelerate clotting time
Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Excess
Increased body weight, Redistribution of body weight. Hypertension, Hirsutism
Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Path
Extrinsic
- Prothrombin Time
Intrinsic
- Partial Thromboplastin Time
Drugs and Conditions that affect Adrenal Values
Corticosteroids, Estrogen, Spironolactone
Pregnancy, Severe injury, Physical/Emotional stress
Lipid Panel
Directly Measured
- Total Cholesterol
- HDL
- Triglycerides
- Apoprotein B
Calculated
- Non-HDL-C
- LDL
