Posture Flashcards
What does normal standing posture entail?
Economical, requiring little muscular effort
Minimal stress on supporting structures, joints and ligaments
optimal room for chest and abdominal cavities
What planes do you perform a postural exam?
Sagittal and anterior/posterior views from head to toe systematically.
What do you record in a postural exam?
Deviations
What is a plumb line used for?
In reference to line of gravity
What does ideal posture look like from the side?
Head centered Cervical lordosis Thoracic kyphosis Lumbar lordosis ASIS close to level with PSIS
Where does the ideal line of gravity fall
Behind hip axis
anterior to knee axis
anterior anterior to ankle axis (lateral malleolus)
This promotes extension @ hip and knee and neutral position @ ankle to promote comfortable standing
How do you name scolosis?
By the convexity. If convexity is on right it is right spinal scolosis
Where does the pelvic center of rotation fall in sway-back posture?
Very far posterior to the pelvis. See significant
Recervatum- hyper extenstion
What happens to the pelvis in Hyper lordosis?
anteriorly tilted pelvis
What happens to the knees in Hyper lordosis?
may be flexed
What happens to the ankles in Hyper lordosis?
slightly flexed
What muscles are tight in Hyper lordosis?
lumbar spinal extensors, hip flexors
What muscles are lengthened in Hyper lordosis?
Abdominals
What happens to the scapulae with excessive thoracic kyphosis?
protracted
What happens to the head with excessive thoracic kyphosis?
forward with c spine extension
What happens to the thoracic spine curve with excessive thoracic kyphosis?
Increased curve in thoracic spine
What happens to the hips and knees with excessive thoracic kyphosis?
hips slightly flexed; knees hyperextended
What muscles are tight with excessive kyphosis?
neck extensors, hip flexors, pec maj and minor, serratus anteroir
What muscles are lengthened with excessive kyphosis?
mid and lower trapezius, rhomboids, thoracic erector spinae
What happens to the head with swayback?
head is forward of the shoulders
What happens to the neck with swayback?
neck is slightly extended
What happens to the thoracic spine with swayback?
uppe rback has an increased curve, convex backwards. Upper back is displaced backwards in regards to the lower back
What happens to the lumbar spine with swayback?
Lower back has a decreased (flattened) curve
What happens to the Hip joints with swayback?
Both hips are generally hyperextended with hips forward of ankles and knees
What happens to the knee joints with swayback?
both knees are hyperextended
What happens to the ankle joints with swayback?
the ankles are in a neutral position i.e. let is at right angles to the sole of the foot
What muscles are tight with a sway back posture?
Hip extensors, hamstrings
What muscles are lengthened in sway back posture?
one joint hip flexors, lower abdominals
What happens with a flat back posture?
posterior pelvic tilt
extended hips
hyperextended knees
What is the cause of scoliosis?
Idiopathic adolescent (most common)- not really known
some neuromuscular weakness
some vertebral malformation
What is scoliosis?
Lateral curvature of the spine
What other motion is also associated with scoliosis?
The lateral curve is usually associated with a rotation
On what side of the scoliosis will the ribs protrude?
on the convex side of the curve
How will the arm, scapulae and belvis present with scoliosis?
They will have asymmetries
What are the two types of leg length discrepancy?
True length differences (measure)- birth or injury
Functional (apparent length differences) -2deg scoliosis, ilial torsions, knee/ankle dysfunction
What is tibial torsion?
Rotation of tibia, may be associated with flat foot
What is Genu Recurvatum?
Knee hyper extension seen in the sagittal plane
What is Genu Varus?
“bowlegged”. knee joint angled medially
Often see in OA
Flat feet tend to be more?
flexible
High arches tend to be more?
rigid
What is Genu Valgus?
“knock-kneed”
Common in RA, other malalignment
