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Functional Anatomy > Posture > Flashcards

Posture Flashcards

1
Q

What does normal standing posture entail?

A

Economical, requiring little muscular effort
Minimal stress on supporting structures, joints and ligaments
optimal room for chest and abdominal cavities

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2
Q

What planes do you perform a postural exam?

A

Sagittal and anterior/posterior views from head to toe systematically.

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3
Q

What do you record in a postural exam?

A

Deviations

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4
Q

What is a plumb line used for?

A

In reference to line of gravity

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5
Q

What does ideal posture look like from the side?

A 
Head centered
Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
ASIS close to level with PSIS
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6
Q

Where does the ideal line of gravity fall

A

Behind hip axis
anterior to knee axis
anterior anterior to ankle axis (lateral malleolus)

This promotes extension @ hip and knee and neutral position @ ankle to promote comfortable standing

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7
Q

How do you name scolosis?

A

By the convexity. If convexity is on right it is right spinal scolosis

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8
Q

Where does the pelvic center of rotation fall in sway-back posture?

A

Very far posterior to the pelvis. See significant

Recervatum- hyper extenstion

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9
Q

What happens to the pelvis in Hyper lordosis?

A

anteriorly tilted pelvis

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10
Q

What happens to the knees in Hyper lordosis?

A

may be flexed

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11
Q

What happens to the ankles in Hyper lordosis?

A

slightly flexed

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12
Q

What muscles are tight in Hyper lordosis?

A

lumbar spinal extensors, hip flexors

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13
Q

What muscles are lengthened in Hyper lordosis?

A

Abdominals

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14
Q

What happens to the scapulae with excessive thoracic kyphosis?

A

protracted

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15
Q

What happens to the head with excessive thoracic kyphosis?

A

forward with c spine extension

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16
Q

What happens to the thoracic spine curve with excessive thoracic kyphosis?

A

Increased curve in thoracic spine

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17
Q

What happens to the hips and knees with excessive thoracic kyphosis?

A

hips slightly flexed; knees hyperextended

18
Q

What muscles are tight with excessive kyphosis?

A

neck extensors, hip flexors, pec maj and minor, serratus anteroir

19
Q

What muscles are lengthened with excessive kyphosis?

A

mid and lower trapezius, rhomboids, thoracic erector spinae

20
Q

What happens to the head with swayback?

A

head is forward of the shoulders

21
Q

What happens to the neck with swayback?

A

neck is slightly extended

22
Q

What happens to the thoracic spine with swayback?

A

uppe rback has an increased curve, convex backwards. Upper back is displaced backwards in regards to the lower back

23
Q

What happens to the lumbar spine with swayback?

A

Lower back has a decreased (flattened) curve

24
Q

What happens to the Hip joints with swayback?

A

Both hips are generally hyperextended with hips forward of ankles and knees

25
Q

What happens to the knee joints with swayback?

A

both knees are hyperextended

26
Q

What happens to the ankle joints with swayback?

A

the ankles are in a neutral position i.e. let is at right angles to the sole of the foot

27
Q

What muscles are tight with a sway back posture?

A

Hip extensors, hamstrings

28
Q

What muscles are lengthened in sway back posture?

A

one joint hip flexors, lower abdominals

29
Q

What happens with a flat back posture?

A

posterior pelvic tilt
extended hips
hyperextended knees

30
Q

What is the cause of scoliosis?

A

Idiopathic adolescent (most common)- not really known
some neuromuscular weakness
some vertebral malformation

31
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

32
Q

What other motion is also associated with scoliosis?

A

The lateral curve is usually associated with a rotation

33
Q

On what side of the scoliosis will the ribs protrude?

A

on the convex side of the curve

34
Q

How will the arm, scapulae and belvis present with scoliosis?

A

They will have asymmetries

35
Q

What are the two types of leg length discrepancy?

A

True length differences (measure)- birth or injury

Functional (apparent length differences) -2deg scoliosis, ilial torsions, knee/ankle dysfunction

36
Q

What is tibial torsion?

A

Rotation of tibia, may be associated with flat foot

37
Q

What is Genu Recurvatum?

A

Knee hyper extension seen in the sagittal plane

38
Q

What is Genu Varus?

A

“bowlegged”. knee joint angled medially

Often see in OA

39
Q

Flat feet tend to be more?

A

flexible

40
Q

High arches tend to be more?

A

rigid

41
Q

What is Genu Valgus?

A

“knock-kneed”

Common in RA, other malalignment

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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