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Functional Anatomy > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two joints of the knee joint?

A

The tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral

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2
Q

What articulates in the tibeofemoral joint?

A

The shallow tibial plateau and the large femoral condyles

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3
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

Knees in

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4
Q

What is Genu varum?

A

Knees out

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5
Q

What is the role of the menisci?

A

wedge to improve joint congruency
shock absorption
decrease friction

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6
Q

Where is most of the pressure in single leg stance placed?

A

On the medial condyle of femur (larger)

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7
Q

Arthrokinematics knee flexion

A

Anterior roll with posterior glide

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8
Q

Arthrokinematics knee extension

A

Posterior roll with anterior glide

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9
Q

What is the difference in size btwn the borders and center of the menisci?

A

Borders are thick, center is thiner

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10
Q

What tibiofemoral joint alignment will you often see in OA?

A

Genu Varum (pain @ medial femoral condyle so put more pressure on lateral condyle), with TOES OUT to reduce load on femoral condyle

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11
Q

What is a knee adduction moment?

A

Putting more pressure on the medial side. can be measured in gait lab

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12
Q

What are the pointed portions of the menisci called?

A

Anterior and posterior horn

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13
Q

Which meniscus has more ligamentous attachments?

A

The medial meniscus

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14
Q

What parts of the meniscus attach to the ACL?

A

Anterior and posterior horn of medial meniscus

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15
Q

How are the medial and lateral menisci connected?

A

Transverse ligament

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16
Q

Which meniscus attaches to the PCL?

A

The lateral meniscus

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17
Q

What happens during compression at the tibiofemoral joint without a meniscus?

A

Loads will increase on a smaller surface area, which may cause a disruption in hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

What is the mechanical axis?

A

Where does the force go through (right through the femur and the tibia)

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19
Q

What is the anatomical axis?

A

follows the line of the femur

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20
Q

What is terminal rotation/screw home mechanism?

A

Rotation of tibia on femur or femur on tibia

WB: medial rotation of femur on tibia; NWB: lateral rotation of tibia on femur

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21
Q

What muscle unlocks the “screw home mechanism” of knee?

A

The popliteus

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22
Q

What is the structure of the MCL?

A

Broad, flat and long

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23
Q

When is the MCL taut? What is its primary role? Secondary role?

A

during extension. Limits valgus stress. Resist tibial anterior translation

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24
Q

What are the two components of the MCL?

A

Superficial-attaches from posterior ligament to medial femoral ligament (primary restraint of valgus force)
Deep- (attacks to medial meniscus, continuous w/ jt capsule)

25
Q

What is the structure of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Cordlike and thick

26
Q

What tendon does the lateral collateral ligament join with?

A

The biceps femoris tendon

27
Q

When is the LCL taut and relaxed?

A

Taut in extension, relaxed in flexion

28
Q

Does the LCL attach to the lateral meniscus?

A

Nah

29
Q

What is the attachment of the LCL?

A

Lateral femoral condyle to the fibular head

30
Q

What is the structure of the ACL?

A

Oblique fibers

31
Q

What is the ACL attach to

A

Lateral anterior portion of the tibia and the lateral femoral condyle (posterior-medial mortion)

32
Q

What is the ACL responsible for?

A 
Anterior stability (Anterior translation of the tibia)
prevent hyperextension
33
Q

What are the two bundles of the ACL?

A

anteromedial (AMB)

Posteriolateral (PLB)

34
Q

What does the PLB of the ACL limit?

A

Anterior translation in extension

35
Q

What does the AMB of the ACL limit?

A

anterior translation with a flexed knee

36
Q

What portion of the knee gets torn with a flexed knee and rotation?

A

AMB

37
Q

What is the structure of the PCL?

A

Broader, shorter, less oblique (than ACL)

38
Q

What does the PCL restrain?

A

Posterior translation of the tibia

39
Q

What are the two bundles of the PCL?

A

Anteriolateral

Posteriomedial

40
Q

Which is easier to repair ACL or PCL?

A

ACL

41
Q

When does the ALB best limit posterior translation?

A

Beginning portions of flexion

42
Q

When does the PMB best limit posterior translation?

A

Extension

Deeper squats–> increased flexion

43
Q

What does the patella articulate with?

A

The femur

44
Q

Which facet of the patella has the most hyaline cartilage?

A

The medial facet, because of the high compressive loads applied to it

45
Q

What is a patellectomy?

A

Removal of the patella

46
Q

What happens with a patellectomy?

A

Decreased moment arm, increased compression, altered angle of pull

47
Q

What does the patella do?

A

Increases the moment arm of the quadriceps and acts as an anatomical pulley

48
Q

What is Patella alta?

A

Patella is higher

49
Q

What is Patella baja?

A

Patella is lower

50
Q

How is normal patellar tracking described?

A

A “c” curve

51
Q

What happens to the patella during tracking?

A

Travels upward along patellofemoral groove

52
Q

What happens to the patella during flexion?

A

Patella rotates, tilts laterally

53
Q

What happens to the patella during extension

A

Patella rotates, tilts medially

54
Q

What are the two posterior capsule ligaments?

A

arcuate ligament

oblique popliteal ligament

55
Q

What is the primary fxn of the posterior capsule ligaments?

A

Restrain hyperextension

both are taut in extension

56
Q

The oblique popliteal ligament reinforces which part of the joint capsule?

A

posteromedial

57
Q

The arcuate ligament reinforces which part of the joint capsule?

A

posterolateral

58
Q

What are the attachments of the arcuate ligament?

A

tendon of popliteus and posterior capsule to posterior fibular head (lateral arcuate head) and oblique popliteal ligament (medial arcuate head)
(remember, it is Y-shaped and has to heads)

59
Q

What are the attachments of the oblique popliteal ligament?

A

central posterior joint capsule and tendinous expansion of semimembranosus to the posterior medial tibial condyle

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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