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Functional Anatomy > Gait powerpoint > Flashcards

Gait powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two phases of gait?

A

Stance and Swing

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2
Q

What are the three tasks that go on in gait?

A

Weight Acceptance, Single Limb Support, Limb Advancement

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3
Q

What is stride length?

A

The length of a complete gait cycle (R foot single leg to R foot single leg) 2 steps in a stride

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4
Q

What is step length?

A

Initial contact to contralateral contact

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5
Q

What percent of gait cycle is stance phase?

A

60%

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6
Q

What percent of gait cycle is swing phase?

A

40%

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7
Q

What are the components of the stance phase?

A 
Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
terminal stance
Preswing (push off)
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8
Q

What are the components of the swing phase?

A

Initial swing
Mid swing
Terminal Swing

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9
Q

What is gait velocity?

A

(the sixth vital sign, predicts function)
meters/unit of time
Influenced by height

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10
Q

What is cadence?

A

Steps per unit of time

Will depend on height

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11
Q

What happens to the BOS during walking?

A

Constantly changing

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12
Q

What happens to BOS if step width increases/decreases?

A

SW increase = increase BOS

SW decrease = Decrease BOS

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13
Q

What is a way to increase BOS?

A

Toes out

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14
Q

What is the average vertical displacement?

A

~3.2 cm

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15
Q

What is the center of pressure?

A

Area of foot that receives the most pressure; COP moves medial toward great toe during stance

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16
Q

How much 1st MTP extension do you need to adequately push off?

A

55 degrees

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17
Q

What are the goals of Initial contact?

A

Limb Positioning

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18
Q

What are the goals of loading response?

A

Shock Absorption
Weight bearing stability
Preservation of progression

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19
Q

What are the goals of mid stance?

A

Progression over the stationary foot

Stability of limb and trunk

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20
Q

What are the goals of Terminal stance?

A

Progression of body beyond support foot

Stability of limb and trunk

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21
Q

What are the goals of the Pre-Swing/push off phase?

A

Position limb for swing
Foot clearance
Provide propulsion and stability

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22
Q

What are the goals for the initial swing phase?

A

Foot clearance

Advancement of the limb from its trailing position

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23
Q

What are the goals for Mid-swing

A

Limb advancement

Foot clearance

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24
Q

What are the goals for terminal swing?

A

Complete limb advancement

Prepare limb for stance

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25
Q

What is double support?

A

When both limbs are on the ground

26
Q

Which side of pelvis will drop during gait?

A

Hip contralateral to stance leg will drop

27
Q

What is Torque?

A

Aka moment or moment of force-Tendency of a force to rotate an object around an axis.

28
Q

What is an internal moment?

A

Moments generated by the muscles, joint capsules, and ligaments to counteract the external forces acting on the body

29
Q

What is an external moment?

A

GRFV, gravity that are acting on the body

30
Q

What is a support moment?

A

Sum of the hip, knee, ankle moments (extensors)

keeps you up.

31
Q

If the axis is behind the GRFV in the hip what will happen?

A

The hip will extend

32
Q

If the axis is in front of the GRFV in the hip what will happen?

A

The hip will flex

33
Q

If the axis is behind the GRFV in the knee what will happen?

A

The knee will flex

34
Q

If the axis is in front of the GRFV in the knee what will happen?

A

The knee will extend

35
Q

What type of contraction happens during power generation? What type of work does this result in?

A

concentric contraction, positive work

36
Q

What type of contraction happens during power absorption? What type of work does this result in?

A

eccentric contraction, negative work

37
Q

What % of the gait cycle is initial contact?

A

0-2%

38
Q

What % of the gait cycle is the loading response?

A

2-12%

39
Q

What % of the gait cycle is Mid stance?

A

12-31%

40
Q

What % of the gait cycle is Terminal stance?

A

31-50%

41
Q

What % of the gait cycle is Pre-swing/push off?

A

50-62%

42
Q

What % of the gait cycle is initial swing?

A

62-75%

43
Q

What % of the gait cycle is Mid swing?

A

75-87%

44
Q

What % of the gait cycle is Terminal swing?

A

87-100%

45
Q

What muscle groups make up the support moment?

A

The hip extensors, the knee extensors and the ankle plantarflexors

46
Q

When are the hamstrings active in the gait cycle (hip)?

A

Active eccentrically @ initial contact by working with the gluteus to control hip flexion

47
Q

When is gluteus maximus active concentrically the gait cycle?

A

Active concentrically @ loading response and Mid Stance to extend the hip
After this, the HAT segment goes beyond the COM and momentum takes you forward

48
Q

When are the hip flexors active in the gait cycle?

A

Active concentrically @ initial swing
Active eccentrically @ mid stance to control hip extension
Active concentrically @ push off

49
Q

When are the vast muscles (lateralis, medialis, intermedialis) active during the gait cycle?

A

Active from Initial Contact to Terminal stance

Start eccentrically with knee flexion then end concentrically when knee is being extended

50
Q

When is the rectus femoris active @ the knee (and hip) during the gait cycle?

A

Active @ transition from terminal stance to swing
Transfers energy
Initiates hip flexion (concentric)
Controls knee extension

51
Q

When are the hamstrings active at the knee during the gait cycle?

A

Active eccentrically @ Terminal stance to decelerate tibia –> Loading response where they co-contract with the quads

52
Q

When is gastroc active @ the knee in the gait cycle?

A

Active at Terminal stance –> Push off to transfer energy from the ankle to the knee
Works in reverse action to unlock the knee for swing

53
Q

Describe Anterior Tibialis activity @ the ankle during the gait cycle?

A

Eccentric contraction during loading response

Concentric–>Isometric @ initial swing–>Terminal swing for foot clearance

54
Q

Describe gastroc-soleus activity @ the ankle during the gait cycle?

A

Acts eccentrically to control DF during midstance to terminal stance
Concentrically @ push off

55
Q

When is Gluteus Medius contracting eccentrically (in the frontal plane)?

A

during loading response

56
Q

What happens to the hip adductors contract concentrically during the gait cycle (in the frontal plane)?

A

Contract concentrically from initial contact to loading response

57
Q

When are the hip adductors contracting eccentrically during the gait cycle (in the frontal plane)?

A

Contraction eccentrically from the loading response to Midstance

58
Q

When is the Gluteus Medius contracting concentrically (in the frontal plane)?

A

During midstance

59
Q

When are the peroneals contracting concentrically during the gait cycle (in the frontal plane)?

A

Contracting concentrically during push off

60
Q

When is Tibialis Posterior contracting eccentrically during the gait cycle (in the frontal plane)?

A

Eccentrically controls hindfoot eversion at loading response

61
Q

When are the peroneals contracting eccentrically during the gait cycle (in the frontal plane)?

A

Contracting eccentrically during Terminal stance

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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