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Functional Anatomy > Ankle > Flashcards

Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what motion occurs around the vertical axis?

A

abduction/adduction

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2
Q

What motion occurs around the coronal axis?

A

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

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3
Q

What motion occurs around the longitudinal axis?

A

inversion/eversion

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4
Q

How do you define calcaneovalgus?

A

Medial angle is increased (>180)

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5
Q

How do you define calcaneovarus?

A

Medial angle is decreased(<180)

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6
Q

What is the “ankle” joint?

A

Articulation btwn tibia/fibula and talus, commonly known as talocrural joint.

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7
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint? How many DOF?

A

synovial hinge joint with 1 DOF

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8
Q

What part of the talus does the tibia/fibula articulate with?

A

The body of the talus

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9
Q

Which leg bone bears the most Body weight?

A

Tibia (~90%)

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10
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

Plane synovial

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11
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Syndesmosis

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12
Q

What do you need for a stable ankle?

A

Strong stiff connection between the tibia and fibula

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13
Q

What are the three facets of the talus?

A

Trochlea (top, largest, wedge shaped)
Medial (smaller that articulates with tibia)
Lateral (Fibular or peroneal facet, larger)

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14
Q

What causes the axis of the ankle joint to be tilted?

A

The position of the lateral malleolus further down and posterior from the medial malleolus

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15
Q

What happens to the mortise joint when the ankle is dodrsiflexed?

A

The mortise joint has to slightly widen to accommodate for the wider anterior anterior trochlea.

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16
Q

What is considered the loose packed position of ankle?

A

Plantar flexion

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17
Q

What is Talar tilt?

A

inversion/eversion

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18
Q

What is Talar rotation?

A

abduction/adduction

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19
Q

How do you define what the talus is doing?

A

Define the motion in relation to the head of the talus.

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20
Q

What does the fibula do to accommodate the larger end of the “truncated cone” it articulates with?

A

Fibula will rise superiorly and anteriorly to accommodate the increased ROM that the wider end of the truncated cone causes. There is also movement at the proximal tibiofibular joint

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21
Q

In weight bearing as tibia moves over foot in dorsiflexion, where does the leg end up in relation to the foot?

A

Leg ends up more medial to the foot

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22
Q

How many joint capsules does the subtalar joint contain?

A

2

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23
Q

How many articulations does the subtalar joint have?

A

3

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24
Q

Where are the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the cervical ligament located?

A

In the tarsal canal

25
Q

What is the average angle of the axis of inclination in the subtalar joint?

A

~42 degrees, almost impossible to measure in a living human

26
Q

What happens during supination at subtalar joint in non-weight bearing?

A

Calcaneal inversion
Calcaneal aDduction
Calcaneal plantar flexion
OBLIGATORY MOTIONS!!!!!

27
Q

What happens during pronation at subtalar joint in non-weight bearing?

A

Calcaneal eversion
Calcaneal aBduction
Calcaneal dorsi flexion
OBLIGATORY MOTIONS!!!!!

28
Q

What happens during supination at subtalar joint in weight bearing?

A 
Calcaneal inversion
Talar aBduction
Talar dorsiflexion
OBLIGATORY MOTIONS!!!!!
*tibiofibular lateral rotation
29
Q

What happens during pronation at subtalar joint in weight bearing?

A 
Calcaneal eversion
Talar aDduction
Talar PF
OBLIGATORY MOTIONS!!!!!
*tibiofibular medial rotation
30
Q

If head of talus aDduction, what happens to the mortise?

A

Will rotate medially

31
Q

If head of talus aBducts, what happens to the mortise?

A

Will rotate laterally

32
Q

How are subtalar motions identified?

A

depends on WB (calcaneal motion only) vs NWB (calcaneal and talar motions)

33
Q

If calcaneous goes into valgus (aBduction), the subtalar joint will be doing what motion?

A

Pronation (arch flattens)

increase tension in plantar aponeurosis (tie-rod)

34
Q

If calcaneous goes into varus (aDduction), the subtalar joint will be doing what motion?

A 
subtalar supination (arch rises)
release tension in the plantar aponeurosis (tie-rod)
35
Q

What articulations does the transverse tarsal joint consist of?

A

Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid

36
Q

What is the closed packed position of the sub talar joint?

A

supination

37
Q

How are the subtalar and the transverse tarsal joint related?

A

complex interdependence

38
Q

What is the function of the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Add to subtalar ROM

“compensate” for hindfoot position

39
Q

What type of joints are the tarsometatarsal joint?

A

plane synovial joints

40
Q

What happens in the supination twist?

A

inversion
1,2 metatarsals DF
4,5 metatarsal PF
Last ditch effort to keep forefoot on ground

41
Q

What happens in a pronation twist?

A

Eversion
1,2 metatarsal PF
4,5 metatarsal DF
Last ditch effort to keep forefoot on ground

42
Q

What axis do you rotate around when you stand on your toes?

A

Around metatarsal break (angled)

43
Q

Muscles that insert anterior to the talocrural joint axis cause _______.

A

dorsiflexion

Ext hallucis longus, tib anterior, ext digitorum longus, peroneus tertius

44
Q

Muscles that insert posterior to the talocrural joint axis cause _______.

A

plantarflexion

tib posterior, flex digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, triceps surae, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus

45
Q

Muscles that insert medial to the subtalar joint axis cause _______.

A

supination
extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tricpes surae

46
Q

Muscles that insert lateral to the subtalar joint axis cause _______.

A

extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus

47
Q

Which intrinsic muscle extends the MTP joints?

A

extensor digitorum brevis

48
Q

Which intrinsic muscle abducts and flexes MTP of hallux?

A

abductor hallucis

49
Q

Which intrinsic muscle flexes PIP of four lesser toes?

A

flexor digitorum brevis

50
Q

Which intrinsic muscle abducts and flexes small toe?

A

adbuctor digiti minimi

51
Q

Which intrinsic muscle adjusts oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus into line with long axes of digits?

A

quadratus plantae

52
Q

Which intrinsic muscle flexes MTPs and extends IPs of 4 lesser toeas?

A

lumbricals

53
Q

Which intrinsic muscle flexes MTP of hallux?

A

flexor hallucis brevis

54
Q

Which intrinsic muscle has oblique head (adducts and flexes MTP of hallux) and transverse head (adducts MT heads transversely)?

A

adductor hallucis

55
Q

Which intrinsic muscle flexes MTP of small toe?

A

flexor digiti minimi

56
Q

Which intrinsic muscle adducts MTP of toes 3-5, flexes MTPs, and extends IPs of 4 lesser toes?

A

plantar interossei

57
Q

Which intrinsic muscle abducts MTPs of 2nd toe, abducts MTPs, 3rd and 4th toes, extends IPs of 4 lesser toes?

A

dorsal interossei

58
Q

Tension in the __________ caused by MTP joint extension can draw the hindfoot and forefoot together to raise the longitudinal arch.

A

plantar aponeurosis (this happens during supination of WB foot)

59
Q

100% BW goes through the TALUS with 50% passing posteriorly to the ______ and 50% passing anteriorly to the ________.

A

Post: calcaneus

Ant. to forefoot: talonaviular and calcaneocuboid joints

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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