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Year Three - Reproductive System > Postnatal Care > Flashcards

Postnatal Care Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the postnatal period?

A

Puerperium

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2
Q

When does the postnatal period take place?

A

It takes place the first six weeks after a baby is born

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3
Q

What support do patients receive postnatally?

A

During the first ten days, a midwife will conduct several home visits

At six weeks, a postnatal GP appointment is offered

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4
Q

What postnatal advice is discussed during the midwife postnatal home visits?

A

Contraception

Breastfeeding

Menstruation

Incontinence

Vaccines

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5
Q

What three things do midwives observe for at the postnatal home visits?

A

Infection

Abnormal bleeding

Postnatal depression

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6
Q

What occurs at the GP six-week postnatal appointments?

A

During this appointment, similar topics to those discussed at midwife home visits are discussed

In addition to this, any complications encountered during the pregnancy are reviewed, such as gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia

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7
Q

What normally occurs in the postnatal period?

A

Vaginal bleeding

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8
Q

How long does postnatal vaginal bleeding usually settle?

A

Six weeks

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9
Q

What is postnatal vaginal bleeding referred to as?

A

Lochia

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10
Q

What three things make up lochia?

A

Blood

Endometrial tissue

Mucus

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11
Q

What increases postnatal vaginal bleeding? Why?

A

Breastfeeding episodes

Breastfeeding releases oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract

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12
Q

How do we distinguish between lochia and postpartum haemorrhage?

A

The bleeding associated with lochia should be described by patients as a period or less

The bleeding associated with postpartum haemorrhage should be described as heavy and full of clots

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13
Q

What is lactational amenorrhoea?

A

This is the absence of periods related to breastfeeding

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14
Q

When do menstrual periods resume in women that decide to bottle-feed?

A

Three weeks post-delivery

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15
Q

How long after childbirth is contraception required?

A

21 days

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16
Q

What are four contraceptive methods are available after birth?

A

Lactational Amenorrhoea

Progesterone-Only Contraception

Combined Hormonal Contraception

Intrauterine Contraception

17
Q

How effective is lactational amenorrhoea?

A

98%

18
Q

How long does lactational amenorrhoea persist for?

A

Six months

19
Q

How often do patients need to breastfeed for lactational amenorrhoea to be reliable?

A

They must nurse at least every four hours during the day and every six hours at night

20
Q

In addition to frequent breastfeeding, what else is required for lactational amenorrhoea to be reliable?

A

Amennorrhoeic state

21
Q

Are progesterone only contraceptive methods safe during breastfeeding? When can they be started after birth?

A

Yes

They can be started at any time after birth

22
Q

When are combined hormonal contraceptive methods considered safe in women that are breastfeeding?

A

After six weeks of childbirth

23
Q

When can intrauterine contraceptive methods be inserted after birth?

A

They can be inserted within 48 hours of birth OR more than four weeks after birth

They cannot be inserted during this period

24
Q

What bacteria group cause maternal sepsis in the postnatal period?

A

Group A streptococcus

25
Q

Which bacteria is most commonly associated with maternal sepsis?

A

E.Coli

26
Q

What two infections are commonly associated with maternal sepsis?

A

Chorioamnionitis

Urinary tract infections

27
Q

What is chorioamnionitis?

A

It is an infection of the chorioamniotic membranes and amniotic fluid

28
Q

When does chorioamnionitis tend to occur?

A

Late pregnancy

Labour

29
Q

What are the two main clinical features of sepsis in the mother?

A

Fever

Raised neutrophils

30
Q

How do we treat maternal sepsis?

A

We prescribe IV antibiotics in the ‘golden hour’

31
Q

What are the two complications of maternal sepsis in the neonate?

A

Intrauterine death

Cerebral palsy

32
Q

How does maternal sepsis cause brain damage in the neonate?

A

The neutrophils produce a cytokine storm

This activates certain brain cells, which then get damaged by normal hypoxia of labour

33
Q

What is the single leading direct cause of maternal death in the UK?

A

Thromboembolic disease

Year Three - Reproductive System (52 decks)

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