Gynaecomastia Flashcards
What is gynaecomastia?
It is defined as a condition in which males develop subareolar breast tissue
What are the two classifications of gynaecomastia?
Physiological Gynaecomastia
Pathological Gynaecomastia
What is physiological gynaecomastia?
It is defined as the development of subareolar breast tissue due to delayed testosterone surge relative to oestrogen at puberty or decreasing testosterone levels with increasing age
What is pathological gynaecomastia?
It is defined as the development of subareolar breast tissue due to an imbalanced ratio of oestrogen and androgen activity
What nine risk factors are associated with gynaecomastia?
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Kallman’s Syndrome
Testicular Cancer
Testicular Failure
Lung Adenocarcinoma
Liver Disease
Hyperthyroidism
Drug Administration
Haemodialysis
What seven drugs are associated with gynaecomastia?
Spironolactone
Digoxin
Finasteride
GnRH Agonists
Cimetidine
Oestrogens
Cannabis
What is the most common drug associated with gynaecomastia?
Spironolactone
Name two GnRH agonsists associated with gynaecomastia
Goserelin
Leuprorelin
What are the two clinical features of gynaecomastia?
Breast Tissue Enlargement
Rubber/Firm Breast Mass
What investigation is used to diagnose gynaecomastia?
Blood Tests
How are blood tests used to investigate gynaecomastia?
They are used to determine the underlying aetiology of gynaecomastia
What three blood tests used to investigate gynaecomastia?
Urea & Electrolytes
Liver Function Tests
Hormone Profile
What is the conservative management option of gynaecomastia?
It involves reassuring the patient and treating the underlying aetiology
What is the pharmacological management option of gynaecomastia?
Tamoxifen
What is a rare complication of gynaecomastia?
Breast Cancer
