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Year Three - Reproductive System > Bacterial Vaginosis > Flashcards

Bacterial Vaginosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

It refers to an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina

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2
Q

What type of bacteria overgrows in bacterial vaginosis?

A

Anaerobic

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3
Q

What is the cause of bacterial vaginosis?

A

It is caused by a loss of the lactobacilli, which is the normal, healthy bacteria present in the vagina

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4
Q

What two molecules do lactobacilli produce? Why?

A

Lactic acid

Hydrogen peroxide

To keep the vaginal pH < 4.5

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5
Q

What happens to the pH when the number of lactobacilli is reduced?

A

> 4.5

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6
Q

What four organisms are associated with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

Mycoplasma Hominis

Enterococcus Faecalis

Prevotella Species

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7
Q

What organism most commonly causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardenella vaginalis

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8
Q

What are the two risk factors for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Multiple Sexual Partners

Vaginal Cleaning

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9
Q

Is bacterial vaginosis sexually transmitted?

A

No

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10
Q

How does bacterial vaginosis typically present?

A

Asymptomatically

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11
Q

What is the standard presenting clinical feature of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Vaginal discharge

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12
Q

What are the three features of vaginal discharge associated with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Thin

White/grey

Fishy smell

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13
Q

What two investigations are used to diagnose bacterial vaginosis?

A

Microscopy

Vaginal pH

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14
Q

What is a feature of bacterial vaginosis on microscopy?

A

Clue Cells

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15
Q

What are clue cells?

A

They are epithelial cells from the cervix that have bacteria stuck inside them

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16
Q

What other microscopic feature is present when gardenella vaginalis is the causative organism of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

17
Q

What is the normal vaginal pH range?

A

3.5 - 4.5

18
Q

What is the pH range in bacterial vaginosis?

A

> 4.5

19
Q

What over the counter vaginal pH test can be purchased?

A

Canestest

20
Q

What is another gynaecology condition associated with a rise in vaginal pH?

A

Trichomonas

21
Q

When do we conservatively treat bacterial vaginosis?

A

When bacterial vaginosis is asymptomatic

22
Q

What are the two conservative management options of bacterial vaginosis?

A

We advise individuals that it is a self-limiting condition that will resolve naturally

We advise individuals to avoid vaginal cleaning with soaps that may disrupt the natural flora, to prevent reoccurrence

23
Q

What are the two pharmacological management options of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

Clindamycin

24
Q

What is the first line pharmacological management option of bacterial vaginosis? What dose is administered?

A

Metronidazole

100mg for 7 days

25
Q

What are the two administration methods of metronidazole?

A

Oral tablet

Gel

26
Q

What advice is given to patients prescribed metronidazole? Why?

A

To avoid alcohol

This is due to the fact that alcohol reacts with metronidazole to cause a disulfiram-like reaction, with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain

27
Q

What is the second line pharmacological option of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Clindamycin

28
Q

What is the administration method of clindamycin?

A

Vaginal cream

29
Q

What advice is given to patients prescribed clindamycin?

A

It may weaken latex condoms during treatment and for at least three days after last application

30
Q

What is the pharmacological management option of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy? What dose is administered?

A

Metronidazole

400mg twice daily for 7 days

31
Q

What is a complication associated with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Sexually transmitted infections

32
Q

What are the five complications associated with bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy?

A

Miscarriage

Preterm Labour

Chorioamnionitis

Low Birth Weight

Postpartum Endometritis

Year Three - Reproductive System (52 decks)

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