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Year Three - Reproductive System > Chlamydia > Flashcards

Chlamydia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common STI in the UK?

A

Chlamydia

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2
Q

What organism causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trahcomatis serovars D-K

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3
Q

Is chalmydia trahcomatis serovars D-K gram negative or gram positive?

A

It gram-negative bacterium

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4
Q

How is chlamydia transmitted?

A

Vaginal intercourse

Oral intercourse

Anal intercourse

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5
Q

What are the four risk factors associated with chlamydia?

A

Young Age

Sexual Intercourse

Multiple Sexual Partners

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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6
Q

In most cases how does chlamydia present?

A

Asymptomatically

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7
Q

Which gender tends to be more asymptomatic?

A

Females

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8
Q

What are the five clinical features of chlamydia - in females?

A

Dysuria

Vaginal Discharge

Pelvic Pain

Vaginal Bleeding

Dyspareunia

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9
Q

What is dysuria?

A

It is defined as painful urination

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10
Q

What are the two type of vaginal bleeding associated with chlamydia?

A

Intermenstrual

Postcoital

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11
Q

What is dyspareunia?

A

It is defined as painful sexual intercourse

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12
Q

What are the three clinical features associated chlamydia - in males?

A

Dysuria

Urethral Discharge

Epididymo-Orchitis

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13
Q

What is epididymo-orchitis?

A

It is inflammation of the epididymis and/or testicle

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of acute epididymo-orchitis in sexual active young adults?

A

Chlamydia

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15
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose chlamydia?

A

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests

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16
Q

When should NAAT be conducted following possible exposure?

A

> 2 weeks

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17
Q

What is a NAAT?

A

It checks directly for the DNA or RNA of the organism

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18
Q

What are the three methods in which NAATs are performed in women?

A

Vulvovaginal swab

Endocervical swab

First catch urine sample

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19
Q

What is the first line method used to perform NAATs in women?

A

Vulvovaginal swab

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20
Q

What are the two methods in which NAATs are performed in males?

A

Urethral swab

First catch urine sample

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21
Q

What is the first line method used to conduct NAATs in males?

A

First catch urine sample

22
Q

What is the method used to conduct NAATs in cases of rectal chlamydia?

A

Rectal swab

23
Q

What is the method used to conduct NAATs in cases of oral chlamydia?

A

Throat swab

24
Q

When do we retest individuals for chlamydia following initial infection?

A

> 3 months

25
Q

In which patient group is chlamydia screening available to?

A

All sexually active men and women between the ages of 15 and 24 years old

26
Q

What are the two conservative management options of chlamydia?

A

We advise patients on how to prevent further infection

We refer them to contact tracing of sexual partners

27
Q

In women and asymptomatic males, which partners should be contacted for tracing?

A

All partners from the last six months or the most recent partner

28
Q

In symptomatic males, which partners should be contacted for tracing?

A

All partners since, and in the four weeks prior to the onset of features

29
Q

When do we treat contacts of confirmed chlamydia cases?

A

It should be offered prior to the results of their investigation being known

30
Q

What is the first line pharmacological management option of chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline

31
Q

What dose of doxycycline is used to treat chlamydia?

A

100mg twice a day for 7 days

32
Q

What is a common side effect of doxycycline?

A

Light sensitivity

33
Q

What are the two contraindications of doxycycline?

A

Pregnancy

Breastfeeding

34
Q

What are the three second line pharmacological management options of chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Amoxicillin

35
Q

What dose of azithromycin is used to treat chlamydia?

A

A stat dose of 1g, followed by 500mg once daily for two days is administered

36
Q

What dose of erythromycin is used to treat chlamydia?

A

500mg four times daily for 7 days

37
Q

What dose of amoxicillin is used to treat chlamydia?

A

500mg three times daily for 7 days

38
Q

During treatment of chlamydia, what advice is given to patients? Why?

A

We advise patients to abstain from sexual intercourse

This is to reduce the risk of re-infection

39
Q

What are the seven complications of chlamydia?

A

Infertility

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Endometriosis

Ectopic Pregnancies

Epididymitis

Reactive Arthritis

Perihepatitis

40
Q

What is another term for perihepatitis?

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

41
Q

What is chlamydia conjunctivitis?

A

It is defined as chlamydia trochamitis serovars infection of the conjunctiva, due to infected genital fluid coming into contact with the eye

42
Q

Which two patient groups tend to be affected by chlamydia conjunctivitis?

A

Young adults

Neonates

43
Q

How can neonates become infected with chlamydia conjunctivitis?

A

It can be transmitted from an infected mother during birth

44
Q

What are the three clinical features of chlamydia conjunctivitis?

A

Conjunctival Erythema

Conjunctival Irritation

Conjunctival Discharge

45
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

It is defined as a condition in which chlamydia trochamitis serovars infects the lymphoid tissue between L1-L3

46
Q

What are the two risk factors of lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Men Who Have Sex With Men

HIV Infection

47
Q

What is the clinical feature associated with the primary stage of lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

PAINLESS ulcer

This can present on the penis, vaginal wall or rectum

48
Q

What is the clinical feature associated with the secondary stage of lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Painful inguinal lymphadenopathy

49
Q

What is the clinical feature associated with the tertiary stage of lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

Proctocolitis

50
Q

What investigation should be conducted to investigate lymphogranuloma venerum? Why?

A

HIV testing

It is more common in individuals who have HIV

51
Q

What is the management option of lymphogranuloma venerum?

A

We prescribe patients a course of doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 21 days

Year Three - Reproductive System (52 decks)

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