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SP16 - Anatomy, Exam 2 > Posterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Subcutaneous tissue comprised of loose connective tissue and fat

A

Superficial Fascia

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2
Q

Dense, organized connective tissue layer that is devoid of fat and envelopes most of the body structures below the skin and subcutaneous tissue

A

Deep Fascia

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3
Q

Deep fascia that surrounds the trapezius, SCM muscles and infrahyoid muscles

A

Investing Fascia

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4
Q

Deep fascia that surrounds the thyroid, trachea, esophagus and the posterior surface of the infrahyoid muscles.

A

Pretracheal Fascia

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5
Q

Deep fascia that surrounds the pharynx posteriorly

A

Buccopharyngeal Fascia

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6
Q

Deep fascia that is the anterior layer of the prevertebral fascia and runs behind the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

Alar Fascia

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7
Q

Deep fascia that surrounds the prevertebral and deep back muscles

A

Prevertebral Fascia

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8
Q

Column of fascia that surrounds the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and Vagus nerve

A

Carotid Sheath

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9
Q

Space between the SCM and prevertebral muscles

A

Carotid Sheath

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10
Q

What forms the carotid sheath?

A

Condensations of deep cervical fascia

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11
Q

The carotid sheath runs from______to ________.

A

Skull

Middle mediastinum

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12
Q

These things may spread within the sheaths

A

Infections

Blood

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13
Q

Space between the trachea and infrahyoid muscles

A

Pretracheal Space

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14
Q

The pretracheal space runs from ________ to ________.

A

Thyroid cartilage

Anterior mediastinum

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15
Q

Space between the buccalpharyngeal and alar fascia.

A

Retropharyngeal Space

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16
Q

The retropharyngeal space runs from______to ______.

A

Base of skull

Superior mediastinum

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17
Q

Infections of the third molars spread to this space

A

Retropharyngeal Space

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18
Q

This space is considered the danger space because it is notorious for inferior spread of infections

A

Prevertebral Space

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19
Q

The prevertebral space is between ______ and ______.

A

Alar and prevertebral fascia

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20
Q

Infections in this space can spread from the base of the skull down to the posterior mediastinum.

A

Prevertebral Space

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21
Q

The bifurcation of the common carotid artery is at this cervical level.

A

C III- CIV

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22
Q

Zone I of the neck is found near this anatomical landmark.

A

Cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

The pharynx transitions to the esophagus and the larynx transitions to the trachea at this cervical level

A

CV - CVI

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24
Q

The angle of the mandible is the anatomical land mark for this zone of the neck

A

Zone II

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25
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for zone III of the neck?

A

Base of the skull

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26
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?

A 
Anterior = SCM
Posterior = Trapezius 
Inferior = Middle 1/3 of clavicle
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27
Q

Four cutaneous nerves that are found in the posterior cervical triangle.

A

Lesser occipital
Greater Auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

28
Q

All of the cutaneous nerves of the posterio triangle emerge deep to the SCM at this area

A

Erb’s point

29
Q

This cutaneous nerve runs withthe External Jugular Vein

A

Great auricular

30
Q

This cutaneous nerve runs horizontally toward the anterior

A

Transverse cervical

31
Q

Where does the Lesser Occipital nerve run?

A

Superiorly along posterior border of the SCM

32
Q

What does the Lesser Occipital n supply?

A

Skin of scalp at the apex of posterior cervical triangle

33
Q

Where is the Greater Occipital n found?

A

It ascends vertically on the surface of the SCM and runs with EJV toward the ear.

34
Q

What does the greater auricular n supply?

A

Lobe and skin of ear and angle of mandible to mastoid process

35
Q

Cutaneous nerve that runs across the middle of the SCM

A

Transverse cervical n.

36
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve supply?

A

Skin of anterior cervical triangle

37
Q

This cutaneous nerve generally has three main branches, medial, intermediate and lateral

A

Supraclavicular nn

38
Q

Where does the suprascapular nerves run?

A

Superficial to the clavicle and deep to the platysma

39
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerves supply?

A

Skin of the clavical area

40
Q

Superficial muscle of the neck

A

Platysma

41
Q

What nerve innervated the platysma

A

CN VII

42
Q

What are the motor nerves of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

Accessory n.

Phrenic n.

43
Q

Where does the accessory nerve emerge from the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

44
Q

Where does the accessory nerve run?

A

Diagonally through the posterior triangle deep to the investigating fascia

45
Q

What does the Accessory nerve supply?

A

SCM and Trepezius

46
Q

This nerve descends vertically along the anterior scalene m.

A

Phrenic n.

47
Q

The phrenic nerve is crossed anteriorly by_____ and ______.

A

transverse cervical a.

suprascapular a.

48
Q

The phrenic nerve enters the thorax where?

A

Between subclavian vein and artery

49
Q

The phrenic nerve travels along this to supply the diaphragm.

A

Pericardial sac

50
Q

What are the similair origins that both phrenic n and suprascapular nn share?

A 
Phrenic = C3-C5
Suprascapular = C3-C4
51
Q

What are the vessels of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

External jugular vein
Tansverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery

52
Q

Where does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Subclavian Vein

53
Q

The transverse cervial artery and the suprascapular artey both come from this

A

Thyrocervical trunk

54
Q

What are the deep muscles of the Posterior Triangle?

A

Splenius Capitis muscle
Levator scapulae muscle
3 scalene muscles
Omohyoid muscle

55
Q

What is the action of the splenius capitus muscle?

A

Extend and laterally rotate the head and neck

56
Q

What in the splenius capitis innervated by?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal muscles

57
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle?

A

Elevate the scapula

58
Q

What is the levator scapulae innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular n.

59
Q

What is the action of the three scalene muscles?

A

tilt neck laterally

60
Q

What are the scalene muscles innervated by?

A

Ventral rami of C3-C8 nn.

61
Q

Elongated triangle deep to the posterior cervical triangle

A

Interscalene Triangle

62
Q

What forms the interscalene triangle?

A

Anterior scalene, middle scalene and first rib.

63
Q

What pass through the interscalene triangle?

A

Brachial plexus and subclavian a.

64
Q

This passes anterior to the anterior scalene m.

A

Subclavian vein

65
Q

If there is a narrowing of the interscalene triangle due to anatomical variations, the brachial plexus or subclavian artery may compress and cause this

A

Nerve dysfunction or ischemia

66
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by this

A

Narrowing of interscalene triangle causing a compromise of the nerves or arteries between the neck and axilla

SP16 - Anatomy, Exam 2 (11 decks)

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