Gross Brain, Meninges, Dural Sinuses and Cranial Fossae Flashcards
What are the three main functions of the brain?
Stimulate movement
Maintain homeostasis
Produce thought
What sulcus is located between the frontal and parietal lobes?
Central sulcus
Where is the lateral fissure located?
Between the temporal and frontal lobes?
What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
Longitudinal
This lobe is associated with motor and personality
Frontal
The parietal lobe is associated with what functions?
Sensory
Integration
What lobe is considered the visual area of the brain?
Occipital
What functions is the temporal lobe associated with?
Auditory
Speech
Olfactory
Memory
This area of the brain is associated with fine motor coordination
Cerebellum
Where are the cranial nerves located in the brain?
Pons
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?
Blood pressure
Respiration
What fibers connect the cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
What is the function of the thalamus?
Relay station for all senses, except olfaction
What is the center for the autonomic and endocrine functions?
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
Homeostasis
Where is the sleep-wake cycle regulated in the brain?
Pineal gland
These are nuclei related to emotions
Mammillary bodies
What bones are part of the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
What cranial nerve is found in the anterior cranial fossa?
CN I
What bones are part of the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid
Temporal
Parietal
What nerves are found in the middle cranial fossa?
CN II CN III CN IV CN V CN VI
What gland is found n the middle cranial fossa?
Pituitary
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
Temporal
Pearietal
Occipital
What nerves are found in the posterior cranial fossa?
CN VII CN VIII CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic ganglia?
CN V
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
What is the name of CN V ganglion?
Trigeminal
What is the name of CN VII ganglion?
Geniculate
What is the name of the IX ganglions?
Superior and Inferior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the name of CN X ganglion?
Nodose
What structures pass through the supraorbital foramen?
Supraorbital a., v. and n.
Where is the foramen cecum located?
Anterior cranial fossa, frontal bone
What foramen do the emissary veins to the superior sagittal sinus pass through?
Foramen cecum
Where do the olfactory nerve bundles enter the cranium?
Foramina of the cribriform plate
What structures pass through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina?
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal a., v. and n., respectively
What bone is the optic canal located in?
Sphenoid
What structures pass through the optic canal?
Opthalmic a.
Optic n.
What structures pass through the lateral part of the superior orbital fissure?
Lacrimal n. Frontal n. Trochlear n. Meningeal branch of the lacrimal artery Anastomotic branch of middle meningeal artery
What structures pass through the middle part of the superior orbital fissure?
Upper and lower divisions of CN III
Nasociliary nerve
CN VI
What structures pass through the medial part of the superior orbital fissure?
Superior opthalmic v.
Sympathetic nerves
What passes through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary nerve, CN V2
What structures pass through the incisive foramen and canals?
Sphenopalatine a.
Nasopalatine n., CN V2
The greater palatine n, a, and v pass through what foramen?
Greater palatine foramen
The lesser palatine has what structures pass through it?
Lesser palatine n., a., and v.
What structures pass through the inferior orbtal fissure?
Inferior opthalmic v. Infraorbital a., and v. Zygomatic nerve Infraorbital n., CN V2 Orbital branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion
What passes through the infraorbital foramen?
Infraorbital v., a., and n.
What structures pass through the foramen ovale?
Accessory meningeal a.
Mandibular n., CN V3
Lesser petrosal nerve
What structures pass through foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal a.
Meningeal branch of CN V3
What structures pass through foramen lacerum?
A. and n. of pterygoid canal
What structure travels above foramen lacerum?
Internal carotid artery
What structures pass throughthe internal acoustic meatus?
Labyrinthine a.
CN VII
CN VIII
What structures pass through the jugular foramen?
Inferior petrosal sinus Sigmoid sinus CN IX CN X CN XI
Where is the hypoglossal canal located?
Inferior to the occipital condyles
What passes through the foramen magnum?
Anterior and posterior spinal aa.
Vertebral a.
Medulla
What structures pass through the stlomastiod foramen?
Stylomastoid a.
Facial n.
These drain CSF into the venous system
Arachnid granulations
Where is the falx cerebri located?
Between the cerebral hemispheres
This is located between the two cerebellar hemispheres
Falx cerebelli
Where is the tentorium cerebelli located?
Between the cerebellum and the inferior portion of the occipital lobe
Where is the diaphragma sellae located?
Above the sella turcica and forms the roof over the hypophyseal fossa
What does the facial v. anastamose with?
Opthalmic v.
What two structures pass through the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid a.
CN VI
What nerves are sheathed in thelateral wall of the cavernous sinus?
CN III, IV, V1, V2
An arteriovenous fistula may result from this rupturing in the cavernous sinus
Internal carotid a.
Thin non-vascular membrane that loosely surrounds the brain
Arachnoid mater
Where CSF is found in the brain
Subarachnoid space
What blood vessels are found in the subarachnoid space?
Cerebral and cerebellar
Delicate membrane that surrounds the brain
Pia mater
The middle meningeal aa. are branches of this artery
Mixillary a.
Where do the middle meningeal v. drain to?
Pterygoid plexus
What do the middle meningeal vessels supply?
Dura mater and skull
Tearing of this artery leads to epidural heatomas
Middle meningeal a.
Fractures through this portion of the skull commonly produce tearing of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artey
Pterion
Rupture of this vein produces subdural hematoma
Cerebral v.
These structures limit hemorrhages in the subdural space
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Two main sources of blood to the brain
Internal carotid system
Vertebrobasilar system
The internal carotid artery supply these area of the brain
Anterior and middle brain
This artery forms the basilar a.
Vertebral a.
What part of the brain does the vertebral a. supply?
Posterior
What are the internal carotid artery branches?
Opthalmic aa.
Posterior communicating aa.
What are the branches of the basilar artery?
Inferior cerebellar aa.
Labyrinthine aa.
Pontine aa.
Superior cerbellar aa.
The anterio cerebral aa supply what parts of the brain?
Anterior/medial cerebrum
What arteries supply the anterior/lateral cerebrum?
Middle cerebral aa.
What does the posterior cerebral aa. supply?
Posterior/inferior cerebrum
What arteries supply the superior cerebellum?
Superior cerebellar aa.
What supplies the anterior/inferior cerebellum?
Anterior inferior cerebellar aa.
What does the posterior inferior cerebellar aa. supply?
Posterior/inferior cerebellum